{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:58:40Z","timestamp":1777935520840,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a study of the influence of oil formulation on the protection against gear micropitting and also its influence on gear efficiency. The study had both components because a well-balanced product is necessary and its behaviour must be demonstrated in dedicated tests. The industrial gear oils studied combined polyalphaolefin with ester base oils and had different additive packages. FZG gear power loss tests were performed using 20MnCr5 carburized gears under a wide range of operating conditions. During the tests, the oil and gearbox temperature were continuously recorded and gear oil samples were collected. After the tests, the gear mass loss was measured and oil samples were analyzed by ferrography. Using an energetic model of the FZG test gearbox, it was possible to quantify the influence of lubricant formulation on the average friction coefficient between gear teeth, which will provide a quantitative comparison of lubricants. The gear micropitting protection provided by the oxidized lubricant samples was evaluated in a FZG test rig according to DGMK short micropitting test procedure. During the tests, lubricant analysis, mass loss measurements, surface observation, and topography measurements were performed to evaluate the micropitting evolution along the tests as well as severity of micropitting. The results obtained show that the base oil, the additive package, as well as their combination can have a very significant influence on the efficiency and micropitting performance of industrial gear oil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1350650110397260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]],"date-time":"2011-06-17T14:14:08Z","timestamp":1308320048000},"page":"429-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of oil formulation on gear micropitting and power loss performance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"R C","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J H O","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FEUP, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L F","family":"Ruis-Moron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REPSOL YPF, Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1350650110397260","unstructured":"H\u00f6hn, B.R., Michaelis, K., Vollmer, T. Thermal rating of gear drives: balance between power loss and heat dissipation. AGMA paper 96 FTM 9, 1996."},{"key":"bibr2-1350650110397260","first-page":"759","volume-title":"Tribology research: from model experiment to industrial problem","author":"H\u00f6hn B.-R.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-1350650110397260","first-page":"33","volume":"39","author":"Lipp K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Powder Metall."},{"key":"bibr4-1350650110397260","unstructured":"Winter, H., Oster, P. Influence of the lubricant on pitting and micro pitting (grey staining, frosted areas) resistance of case carburized gears test procedures. AGMA paper 87 FTM 9, 1987."},{"key":"bibr5-1350650110397260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/095441002321029035"},{"key":"bibr6-1350650110397260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10402000902745507"},{"key":"bibr7-1350650110397260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2008.03.016"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr8-1350650110397260","first-page":"30","volume":"17","author":"Cardis A. B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gear Technol."},{"key":"bibr9-1350650110397260","unstructured":"Winter, H., Michaelis, K. Gear test rig \u2013 desciption and possibilities. In Proceedings of the Coordinate European Council Second International Symposium on\n                      The performance evaluation of automotive fuels and lubricants\n                      , Wolfsburg, Germany, June 1985."},{"key":"bibr10-1350650110397260","volume-title":"Handbook of wear debris analysis and particle detection in liquids","author":"Hunt T.","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr11-1350650110397260","unstructured":"Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik E. V. FVA Research Project no. 54\/I-IV \u2013 Micro-Pitting, July 1993."},{"key":"bibr12-1350650110397260","unstructured":"FVA, DGMK Information Sheet No. 377. Method to assess the wear characteristics of lubricants in the FZG gear test rig. Deutsche Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Erd\u00f6l, Erdgas und Kohle e.V., 1996."},{"key":"bibr13-1350650110397260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2005.03.021"},{"key":"bibr14-1350650110397260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2009.03.006"},{"key":"bibr15-1350650110397260","unstructured":"Winter, H., Michaelis, K. Investigations on the thermal balance of gear drives. In Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on\n                      Theory of machines and mechanisms\n                      , 8\u201313 July 1979 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Montreal, Canada)."},{"key":"bibr16-1350650110397260","unstructured":"Martins, R. C., Seabra, J. H. O., Moron, L. F. Influence of oil formulation on gear micropitting and efficiency. In Proceedings of IBETRIB 2009, V Congresso Ib\u00e9rico de Tribologia, Coimbra, Portugal, 17\u201318 June 2009."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1350650110397260","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1350650110397260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:59:50Z","timestamp":1777690790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1350650110397260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1350650110397260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1350650110397260","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-6501","2041-305X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-6501","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-305X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}