{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:59:01Z","timestamp":1777935541118,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]],"date-time":"2011-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-loss power transmission gears operate at lower temperature than conventional ones because their teeth geometry is optimized to reduce friction. The main objective of this work is to compare the operating stabilization temperature and efficiency of low-loss austempered ductile iron (ADI) and carburized steel gears. Three different low-loss tooth geometries were adopted (types 311, 411 and 611, all produced using standard 20\u00b0 pressure angle tools) and corresponding steel and ADI gears were tested in a FZG machine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The results obtained showed that low-loss geometries had a significant influence on power loss, gears 611 generating lower power loss than gears 311. At low speeds (500 and 1000 rpm) and high torque ADI gears generated lower power loss than steel gears. However, at high speed and high torque (high input power and high stabilization temperature) steel gears had better efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1350650111415483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,24]],"date-time":"2011-09-24T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1316832882000},"page":"1209-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low torque loss gears: austempered ductile iron versus carburized steel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Magalhaes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, ISEP, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, ISEP, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, ISEP, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, ISEP, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1350650111415483","volume":"24","author":"H\u00f6hn B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gear Technol."},{"key":"bibr2-1350650111415483","first-page":"1451","volume":"1904","author":"H\u00f6hn B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"VDI Berichte"},{"key":"bibr3-1350650111415483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00368791111101812"},{"key":"bibr4-1350650111415483","unstructured":"Harding, R. A. The use of austempered ductile iron for gears. In Proceedings of the World Gear Congress, Paris, France, March 1986."},{"key":"bibr5-1350650111415483","unstructured":"Santos, H., Pinto, A., and Torres, V. Cu-Mn ADI: a low cost high performance material. In Proceedings of the 58th World Foundry Congress, Krakow, Poland, September 1991."},{"key":"bibr6-1350650111415483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1648(97)00232-9"},{"key":"bibr7-1350650111415483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2007.05.007"},{"key":"bibr8-1350650111415483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1648(00)00493-2"},{"key":"bibr9-1350650111415483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2003.12.002"},{"key":"bibr10-1350650111415483","volume-title":"Ductile iron data for design engineers","author":"Mullins J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr11-1350650111415483","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wear.2009.01.058"},{"key":"bibr12-1350650111415483","first-page":"1467","volume-title":"VDI \u2013 Berichte GmbH","author":"Martins R.","year":"1904"},{"key":"bibr13-1350650111415483","unstructured":"DIN 3990. Calculation of the load capacity of spur and helical gears, 1987."},{"key":"bibr14-1350650111415483","volume-title":"Thermal rating of gear drives: balance between power loss and heat dissipation","author":"H\u00f6hn B."},{"key":"bibr15-1350650111415483","volume-title":"Untersuchungen zum Fre\u03b2tragf\u00e4highkeit von Gro\u03b2zahnr\u00e4dern","author":"Schlenk L."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1350650111415483","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1350650111415483","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:00:24Z","timestamp":1777690824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1350650111415483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1350650111415483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1350650111415483","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-6501","2041-305X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-6501","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-305X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,23]]}}}