{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:20:56Z","timestamp":1777936856674,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deep gray matter (DGM) is affected in relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and may be studied using short-term longitudinal MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate two-year changes in spin-echo transverse relaxation rate (R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and atrophy in DGM, and its relationship with disease severity in RRMS patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty six RRMS patients and 26 matched controls were imaged at 4.7 T. Multiecho spin-echo R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      maps and atrophy measurements were obtained in DGM at baseline and two-year follow-up. Differences between MRI measures and correlations to disease severity were examined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After two years, mean R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      values in the globus pallidus and pulvinar increased by ~4% ( p&lt;0.001) in patients and &lt;1.7% in controls. Two-year changes in R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      showed significant correlation to disease severity in the globus pallidus, pulvinar, substantia nigra, and thalamus. Multiple regression of the two-year R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      difference using these four DGM structures as variables, yielded high correlation with disease severity ( r=0.83, p&lt;0.001). Two-year changes in volume and R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      showed significant correlation only for the globus pallidus in multiple sclerosis (MS) ( p&lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two-year difference R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements in DGM correlate to disease severity in MS. R\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      mapping and atrophy measurements over two years can be used to identify changes in DGM in MS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515614091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T21:53:11Z","timestamp":1445896391000},"page":"1133-1143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Spin echo transverse relaxation and atrophy in multiple sclerosis deep gray matter: A two-year longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Md Nasir","family":"Uddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"}]},{"given":"R Marc","family":"Lebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Seres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"}]},{"given":"Gregg","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada"}]},{"given":"Alan H","family":"Wilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07536.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.357"},{"key":"bibr3-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23974"},{"key":"bibr4-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1958.tb12607.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.10.001"},{"key":"bibr6-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2008.00296.x"},{"key":"bibr7-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511428464"},{"key":"bibr8-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318236ef0e"},{"key":"bibr9-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/E634"},{"key":"bibr10-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.07.014"},{"key":"bibr11-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12120707"},{"key":"bibr12-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130474"},{"key":"bibr13-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001679"},{"key":"bibr14-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306906"},{"key":"bibr15-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3503"},{"key":"bibr16-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511404916"},{"key":"bibr17-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21436"},{"key":"bibr18-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3086"},{"key":"bibr19-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703"},{"key":"bibr20-1352458515614091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22487"},{"key":"bibr21-1352458515614091","first-page":"397","volume":"78","author":"Hennig J","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Magnet Reson"},{"key":"bibr22-1352458515614091","unstructured":"Rasband WS. 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