{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:22:36Z","timestamp":1777936956668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMT PhD Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMT PhD Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"GalxoSmithKline","award":["Translational Medicine Trainint (TMT) PhD Fellowsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Translational Medicine Trainint (TMT) PhD Fellowsh"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterised by a diffuse inflammatory response mediated by microglia and astrocytes. Brain translocator protein (TSPO) positron-emission tomography (PET) and [myo-inositol] magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used together to assess this.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To explore the in vivo relationships between MRS and PET [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 in MS over a range of brain inflammatory burden.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 23 patients were studied. TSPO PET imaging with [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28, single voxel MRS and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were undertaken. Disability was assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 uptake and [ myo-inositol] were not associated. When the whole cohort was stratified by higher [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 inflammatory burden, [ myo-inositol] was positively correlated to [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 uptake (Spearman\u2019s \u03c1\u2009=\u20090.685, p\u2009=\u20090.014). Moderate correlations were found between [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 uptake and both MRS creatine normalised N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentration and grey matter volume. MSFC was correlated with grey matter volume (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.535, p\u2009=\u20090.009). There were no associations between other imaging or clinical measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MRS [ myo-inositol] and PET [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 measure independent inflammatory processes which may be more commonly found together with more severe inflammatory disease. Microglial activation measured by [\n                      <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                      C]PBR28 uptake was associated with loss of neuronal integrity and grey matter atrophy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516681504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,30]],"date-time":"2016-11-30T22:30:28Z","timestamp":1480545028000},"page":"1469-1478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Translocator positron-emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of brain glial cell activation in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gourab","family":"Datta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Ines R","family":"Violante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Santos-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Eugenii A","family":"Rabiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imanova Ltd, Imperial College London, London, UK\/Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Roger N","family":"Gunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK\/manova Ltd, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Ciccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, 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