{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T19:33:50Z","timestamp":1777664030449,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]],"date-time":"2014-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health (London)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article analyses performance consumptions among young people. The theme is explored along two main axes. The first concerns the social heterogeneity in this field, considered on two levels: the different purposes for those investments \u2013 cognitive\/mental and physical performance; and the different social contexts \u2013 university and work \u2013 where performance practices and dispositions may be fostered. The second axis explores the roles of pharmacological and natural consumptions, and their interrelationship, in the dissemination of these practices. The empirical data for this analysis were drawn from an ongoing research project on performance consumptions among young people (aged 18\u221229\u2009years) in Portugal, including both university students and young workers without university education. The results correspond to the stage of extensive research, for which a questionnaire was organised at a national level, using non-proportional quota sampling. On the one hand, they show that (a) there is a hierarchy of acceptance of consumptions according to their purposes, with cognitive\/mental performance showing higher acceptance and (b) both pharmaceuticals and natural products are consumed for every type of performance investment. On the other, the comparison between students and workers introduces a certain heterogeneity in this general backdrop, both in terms of the purposes for their consumptions and their opting for natural or pharmacological resources. These threads of heterogeneity will prompt a discussion of the dynamics of pharmaceuticalisation within the field of performance, in particular how therapeutic cultures may be changing in terms of the way individuals relate to medications, expanding their uses in social life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459314554317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,20]],"date-time":"2014-10-20T20:22:51Z","timestamp":1413836571000},"page":"430-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Medications, youth therapeutic cultures and performance consumptions: A sociological approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"No\u00e9mia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Portugal; Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Egas Moniz (ISCSEM), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Telmo","family":"Clamote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Portugal; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Sa\u00fade de Lisboa - Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL-IPL), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Pegado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Portugal; Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Portugal; Amsterdam Institute for Social Sciences Research (AISSR\/UvA), The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038510369368"},{"key":"bibr2-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.04.002"},{"key":"bibr3-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/136345930100500101"},{"key":"bibr4-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00118-5"},{"key":"bibr5-1363459314554317","volume-title":"La Distinction \u2013 critique sociale du jugement","author":"Bourdieu P","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr6-1363459314554317","volume-title":"In Full Papers of the 9th Conference of the European Sociological Association","author":"Clamote T","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr7-1363459314554317","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Medicamentos e Pluralismo Terap\u00eautico: Pr\u00e1ticas e L\u00f3gicas Sociais em Mudan\u00e7a","author":"Clamote T","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr8-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.001233"},{"key":"bibr9-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801885846"},{"key":"bibr10-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5172\/hesr.2011.20.4.381"},{"key":"bibr11-1363459314554317","first-page":"170","volume-title":"The Body \u2013 Social Process and Cultural Theory","author":"Featherstone M","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr12-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.02.006"},{"key":"bibr13-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459306067314"},{"key":"bibr14-1363459314554317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2008.01114.x"},{"key":"bibr15-1363459314554317","volume-title":"Professional Dominance \u2013 The Social Structure of Medical Care","author":"Freidson E","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr16-1363459314554317","first-page":"147","volume-title":"A Sociology of Food and Nutrition: The Social Appetite","author":"Germov J","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr17-1363459314554317","volume-title":"Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age","author":"Giddens A","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr18-1363459314554317","unstructured":"Lopes N, Clamote T, Raposo H, (2009) Statistical Report - Medications and Therapeutic Pluralism: Consumptions, Logics and Social Rationalities. 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