{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:57:08Z","timestamp":1777658228287,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/PSI-PSO\/120015\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/PSI-PSO\/120015\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Group Processes &amp; Intergroup Relations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ambivalent sexism theory (Glick &amp; Fiske, 1996) distinguishes between two interrelated forms of sexism: Hostile and benevolent. Although this theory motivated a large body of work examining how endorsement of these views impacts on social interactions and women\u2019s performance, no research has yet examined what these forms of sexism are seen to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">communicate<\/jats:italic>\n                    about men and women. We report three studies examining the image that benevolent and hostile sexist messages are seen to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">describe<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Studies 1 and 2) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">prescribe<\/jats:italic>\n                    for men and women (Study 3). Results show that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">both<\/jats:italic>\n                    benevolent and hostile sexism were seen to convey that women\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">are<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">should be<\/jats:italic>\n                    less competent than men. Additionally, benevolent sexism was seen as describing and prescribing women to be warmer than did hostile sexism. Across all studies men and women agreed about what the messages communicate about men and women. We discuss the implications of these results for the understanding of how stereotypical beliefs are perpetuated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430216656921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T20:28:11Z","timestamp":1469046491000},"page":"159-177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["What hostile and benevolent sexism communicate about men\u2019s and women\u2019s warmth and competence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univeristy of Exeter, UK"},{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Ellemers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019027250506800106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"288","volume-title":"The SAGE handbook of gender and psychology","author":"Barreto M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barreto M., Ellemers N. 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