{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:00:57Z","timestamp":1777658457862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/26\/A\/HS6\/00647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/26\/A\/HS6\/00647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Group Processes &amp; Intergroup Relations"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Collective narcissism is a belief that the ingroup deserves but is denied special treatment and recognition. It is a projection of the narcissistic need to be recognized as better than others on the social level of the self. It is an aspect of ingroup identification, one of the ways group members favour their ingroup. National narcissism is associated with collective narcissism of advantaged national subgroups (e.g., Whites, men). National collective narcissism and collective narcissism of advantaged groups similarly predict discrimination of disadvantaged national subgroups (e.g., racial minorities, women) and legitimization of group-based inequality. Members of disadvantaged groups who endorse national narcissism internalize beliefs legitimizing inequality. Ultraconservative populists propagate national narcissism to undermine the political system that does not sufficiently serve the interests of advantaged groups. National narcissism predicts patriotism and nationalism. Once the three forms of national favouritism are differentiated, it becomes clear that patriotism does not come at the expense of nationalism, discrimination, societal polarization, or erosion of democracy. Instead, it may be a remedy against them.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13684302241240689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T04:48:56Z","timestamp":1714452536000},"page":"1027-1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Authoritarians and \u201crevolutionaries in reverse\u201d: Why collective narcissism threatens democracy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7631-9486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Golec de Zavala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldsmiths, University of London, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abou-Ismail R., Gronfeldt B., Konur T., Cichocka A., Phillips J., Sengupta N. K. (2023). Double trouble: How sectarian and national narcissism relate differently to collective violence beliefs in Lebanon. Aggressive Behavior, 49(6), 669\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.22104","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22104"},{"key":"bibr2-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420180403"},{"key":"bibr3-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Gesammelte Schriften in zwanzig B\u00e4nden","volume":"8","author":"Adorno T. W.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr4-13684302241240689","volume-title":"The authoritarian personality","author":"Adorno T. W.","year":"1950"},{"key":"bibr5-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Right-wing authoritarianism","author":"Altemeyer B.","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr6-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism","author":"Altemeyer B.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr7-13684302241240689","volume-title":"The authoritarian specter","author":"Altemeyer B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr8-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60382-2"},{"key":"bibr9-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860802605895"},{"key":"bibr10-13684302241240689","unstructured":"Bagci S. C., Acar B., Eryuksel E., Ustun E. G. (2022). Collective narcissism and ingroup satisfaction in relation to collective action tendencies: The case of LGBTI individuals in Turkey. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 29, 23\u201338. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.4473\/TPM29.1.3"},{"key":"bibr11-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cdp0000509"},{"key":"bibr12-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayerlein M., Boese V., Gates S., Kamin K., Murshed S. (2021). Populism and COVID-19: How populist governments (mis)handle the pandemic. Journal of Political Institutions and Political Economy, 2(3), 389\u2013428. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1561\/113.00000043.","DOI":"10.1561\/113.00000043"},{"key":"bibr13-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430221992114"},{"key":"bibr14-13684302241240689","first-page":"86","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of the radical right","author":"Betz H. G.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr15-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101346"},{"key":"bibr16-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00329"},{"key":"bibr17-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031751"},{"key":"bibr18-13684302241240689","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Social identity: Context, commitment, content","author":"Branscombe N. R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr19-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00126"},{"key":"bibr20-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewer M. B., Gonsalkorale K., van Dommelen A. (2013). Social identity complexity: Comparing majority and minority ethnic group members in a multicultural society. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 16(5), 529\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1368430212468622","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430212468622"},{"key":"bibr21-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown G., Marinthe G. (2022). We\u2019re all the same: Collective narcissists\u2019s [sic] cross-national support for Putin and Russian military attacks. PsyArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/gqsrz","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/gqsrz"},{"key":"bibr22-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.219"},{"key":"bibr23-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capelos T., Katsanidou A. (2018). Reactionary politics: Explaining the psychological roots of anti preferences in European integration and immigration debates. Political Psychology, 39(6), 1271\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12540","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12540"},{"key":"bibr24-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carter N. M., Perez E. O. (2015). Race and nation: How racial hierarchy shapes national attachments. Political Psychology, 37(4), 497\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12270","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12270"},{"key":"bibr25-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cichocka A., Bocian K., Winiewski M., Azevedo F. (2022). \u201cNot racist, but.\u201d: Beliefs about immigration restrictions, collective narcissism, and justification of ethnic extremism. Political Psychology, 43(6), 1217\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12813","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12813"},{"key":"bibr26-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Folk devils and moral panics. The creation of the mods and rockers","author":"Cohen S.","year":"2002","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr27-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colgan J., Weeks J. (2015). Revolution, personalist dictatorships, and international conflict. International Organization, 69(1), 163\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0020818314000307","DOI":"10.1017\/S0020818314000307"},{"key":"bibr28-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000341"},{"key":"bibr29-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Figueiredo R. J. P.Jr., Elkins Z. (2003). Are patriots bigots? An inquiry into the vices of in-group pride. American Journal of Political Science, 47(1), 171\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1540-5907.00012","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-5907.00012"},{"key":"bibr30-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Geus R., Ralph-Morrow E., Shorrocks R. (2022). Understanding ambivalent sexism and its relationship with electoral choice in Britain. British Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 1564\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007123421000612","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123421000612"},{"key":"bibr31-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.3.447"},{"key":"bibr32-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devos T., Gavin K., Quintana F. J. (2010). Say \u201cadios\u201d to the American dream? The interplay between ethnic and national identity among Latino and Caucasian Americans. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 16(1), 37\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015868","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015868"},{"key":"bibr33-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868308326751"},{"key":"bibr34-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sipr.12017"},{"key":"bibr35-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(01)80004-6"},{"key":"bibr36-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2010.00672.x"},{"key":"bibr37-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunn K. (2015). Preference for radical right-wing populist parties among exclusive-nationalists and authoritarians. Party Politics, 21(3), 367\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1354068812472587","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068812472587"},{"key":"bibr38-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01901"},{"key":"bibr39-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3102652"},{"key":"bibr40-13684302241240689","unstructured":"Eiermann M., Mounk Y., Gultchin L. (2017). European populism: Trends, threats, and future prospects. Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. https:\/\/www.institute.global\/insights\/geopolitics-and-security\/european-populism-trends-threats-and-future-prospects"},{"key":"bibr41-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430219896618"},{"key":"bibr42-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federico C. M., Farhart C., Vitriol J. A., Golec de Zavala A. (2022). Collective narcissism and perceptions of the (il)legitimacy of the 2020 US election. The Forum, 20(1), 37\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/for-2022-2046.","DOI":"10.1515\/for-2022-2046"},{"key":"bibr43-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federico C. M., Golec de Zavala A. (2018). Collective narcissism and the 2016 US presidential vote. Public Opinion Quarterly, 82(1), 110\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/poq\/nfx048","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfx048"},{"key":"bibr44-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federico C. M., Golec de Zavala A., Baran T. (2021). Collective narcissism, ingroup satisfaction, and solidarity in the face of COVID-19. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 12(6), 1071\u20131081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550620963655","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550620963655"},{"key":"bibr45-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Federico C. M., Golec de Zavala A., Wen B. (2022). Collective narcissism as basis for nationalism. Political Psychology, 44(1), 177\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12833","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12833"},{"key":"bibr46-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049096521001621"},{"key":"bibr47-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00316"},{"key":"bibr48-13684302241240689","volume-title":"The heart of man, its genius for good and evil","author":"Fromm E.","year":"1964"},{"key":"bibr49-13684302241240689","volume-title":"The anatomy of human destructiveness","author":"Fromm E.","year":"1973"},{"key":"bibr50-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.01.004"},{"key":"bibr51-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(01)80005-8"},{"key":"bibr52-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Annual Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology","author":"Golec de Zavala A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr53-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2011.00351.x"},{"key":"bibr54-13684302241240689","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of peace psychology","author":"Golec de Zavala A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr55-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A. (2018). Collective narcissism: Antecedents and consequences of exaggeration of the in-group image. In Hermann A. D., Brunell A. B., Foster J. D. (Eds.), Handbook of trait narcissism: Key advances, research methods, and controversies (pp. 79\u201388). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-92171-6_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92171-6_8"},{"key":"bibr56-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00203"},{"key":"bibr57-13684302241240689","first-page":"277","volume-title":"The psychology of political behavior in a time of change: Identity in a changing world","author":"Golec de Zavala A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr58-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A. (2022). Conditional parochial vicarious ostracism: Gender collective narcissism predicts distress at the exclusion of the gender ingroup in women and men. Sex Roles, 87, 267\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-022-01315-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-022-01315-z"},{"key":"bibr59-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003296577"},{"key":"bibr60-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Bierwiaczonek K. (2021). Male, national, and religious collective narcissism predict sexism. Sex Roles, 84(11), 680\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-020-01193-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-020-01193-3"},{"key":"bibr61-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Bierwiaczonek K., Ciesielski P. (2022). An interpretation of meta-analytical evidence for the link between collective narcissism and conspiracy theories. Current Opinion in Psychology, 47, Article 101360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2022.101360"},{"key":"bibr62-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430211420891"},{"key":"bibr63-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016904"},{"key":"bibr64-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032215"},{"key":"bibr65-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Dyduch-Hazar K., Lantos D. (2019). Collective narcissism: Political consequences of investment of self-worth into an ingroup\u2019s image. Advances in Political Psychology, 40(S1), 37\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12569","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12569"},{"key":"bibr66-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Federico C. (2018). Collective narcissism and the growth of conspiratorial thinking over the course of the 2016 United States presidential election: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 48(7), 1011\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2496","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2496"},{"key":"bibr67-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Revolutionaries in reverse","author":"Golec de Zavala A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"bibr68-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspp0000260"},{"key":"bibr69-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Guerra R., Simao C. (2017). The relationship between the Brexit vote and individual predictors of prejudice: Collective narcissism, right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02023","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02023"},{"key":"bibr70-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts5.69"},{"key":"bibr71-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003282181-11"},{"key":"bibr72-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Keenan O. (2024). Gender and national collective narcissism: Gender asymmetries and obstacles to gender equality. Sex Roles. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/spmqf","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-024-01443-8"},{"key":"bibr73-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Keenan O., Ziegler M., Mazurkiewicz M., Nalberczak-Sk\u00f3ra M., Ciesielski P., Wahl J. E., Sedikides C. (2024). Mindful-gratitude practice reduces prejudice at high levels of collective narcissism. Psychological Science, 35(2), 137\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09567976231220902","DOI":"10.1177\/09567976231220902"},{"key":"bibr74-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420917703"},{"key":"bibr75-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003057680-7"},{"key":"bibr76-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2067"},{"key":"bibr77-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golec de Zavala A., Ziegler M., Keenan O., Ciesielski P., Mazurkiewicz M., Wahl J. (2024). App-based mindfulness training supported eudaimonic wellbeing during the COVID19 pandemic. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 16(1), 42\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aphw.12468","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12468"},{"key":"bibr78-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Moral panics: The social construction of deviance","author":"Goode E.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr79-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3rska P., Marchlewska M., Szczepa\u0144ska D., Molenda Z., Michalski P., Furman A. (2022). A vicious circle? Longitudinal relationships between different modes of in-group identity and COVID-19 conspiracy thinking. The Journal of Social Psychology, 163(6), 877\u2013894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224545.2022.2111250","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2022.2111250"},{"key":"bibr80-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2638"},{"key":"bibr81-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672221074790"},{"key":"bibr82-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerra R., Bierwiaczonek K., Ferreira M., Golec de Zavala A., Abakoumkin G., Wildschut T., Sedikides C. (2023). An intergroup approach to collective narcissism: Intergroup threats and hostility in four European Union countries. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(2), 415\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1368430220972178","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430220972178"},{"key":"bibr83-13684302241240689","unstructured":"Guerra R., Golec de Zavala A., Ciesielski P., Bierwiaczonek K., Abakoumkin G., Wildschut T., Sedikides C. (2024). A case of mistaken identity: Ingroup misrecognition triggers collective narcissism. ISCTE, Portugal & Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London [Manuscript submitted for publication]."},{"key":"bibr84-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Symbolic crusade: Status politics and the American temperance movement","author":"Gusfield J. R.","year":"1963"},{"key":"bibr85-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13879"},{"key":"bibr86-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4ssler T., Ullrich J., Sebben S., Shnabel N., Bernardino M., Valdenegro D., van Laar C., Gonz\u00e1lez R., Visintin E. P., Tropp L. R., Ditlmann R. K., Abrams D., Aydin A. L., Pereira A., Selvanathan H. P., von Zimmermann J., Lantos N. A., Sainz M., Glenz A. Pistella J. (2022). Need satisfaction in intergroup contact: A multinational study of pathways toward social change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 122(4), 634\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pspi0000365","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000365"},{"key":"bibr87-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198842545.003.0003"},{"key":"bibr88-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2007.00237.x"},{"key":"bibr89-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson J. W., Smith E. R. (1999). Conceptualizing social identity: A new framework and evidence for the impact of different dimensions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(1), 120\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167299025001010","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167299025001010"},{"key":"bibr90-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ja\u015bko K., Webber D., Kruglanski A. W., Gelfand M., Taufiqurrohman M., Hettiarachchi M., Gunaratna R. (2020). Social context moderates the effects of quest for significance on violent extremism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(6), 1165\u20131187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pspi0000198","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000198"},{"key":"bibr91-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12297"},{"key":"bibr92-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1994.tb01008.x"},{"key":"bibr93-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keenan O., Golec de Zavala A. (2021). Collective narcissism and weakening of American democracy. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 21(1), 237\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asap.12274","DOI":"10.1111\/asap.12274"},{"key":"bibr94-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Collective narcissism and White supremacy and Black resistance","author":"Keenan O.","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr95-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspa0000183"},{"key":"bibr96-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kok B. E., Waugh C. E., Fredrickson B. L. (2013). Meditation and health: The search for mechanisms of action. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(1), 27\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/spc3.12006","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12006"},{"key":"bibr97-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3791647"},{"key":"bibr98-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts5.80"},{"key":"bibr99-13684302241240689","volume-title":"Polish collective narcissism, essentialism and homophobia","author":"Lantos D.","year":"2023"},{"key":"bibr100-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2020.1807581"},{"key":"bibr101-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lasco G., Curato N. (2019). Medical populism. Social Science & Medicine, 221, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.12.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.12.006"},{"key":"bibr102-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.95.1.144"},{"key":"bibr103-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12671"},{"key":"bibr104-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167292183006"},{"key":"bibr105-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12499"},{"key":"bibr106-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550617732393"},{"key":"bibr107-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672221139072"},{"key":"bibr108-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020268"},{"key":"bibr109-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinthe G., Cichocka A., Cislak A., Alexander-Grose N., Azevedo F. (2022). Understanding identity processes in support for reactionary and progressive social movements among advantaged and disadvantaged groups: The role of collective narcissism and secure ingroup identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 52(7), 1047\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2885","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2885"},{"key":"bibr110-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755773913000088"},{"key":"bibr111-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mole R. C. M., Golec de Zavala A., Ardag M. M. (2021). Homophobia and national collective narcissism in populist Poland. European Journal of Sociology\/Archives Europ\u00e9ennes de Sociologie, 62(1), 37\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0003975621000072","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003975621000072"},{"key":"bibr112-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina L. E., Phillips N. L., Sidanius J. (2015). National and ethnic identity in the face of discrimination: Ethnic minority and majority perspectives. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(2), 225\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0037880","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037880"},{"key":"bibr113-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139942171"},{"key":"bibr114-13684302241240689","volume-title":"The far right today","author":"Mudde C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr115-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/actrade\/9780190234874.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr116-13684302241240689","volume-title":"What is populism","author":"M\u00fcller J. W.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr117-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108595841"},{"key":"bibr118-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak B., Brz\u00f3ska P., Piotrowski J. \u017bemojtel-Piotrowska M., Jonason P. (2023). They will (not) deceive us! The role of agentic and communal national narcissism in shaping the attitudes to Ukrainian refugees in Poland. Personality and Individual Differences, 208, Article 112184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2023.112184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2023.112184"},{"key":"bibr119-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen M., Osmundsen M., Arceneaux K. (2023). The \u201cneed for chaos\u201d and motivations to share hostile political rumors. American Political Science Review, 117(4), 1486\u20131505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0003055422001447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055422001447"},{"key":"bibr120-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.4.741"},{"key":"bibr121-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Putra I. E., Mashuri A., Nurhamida Y. (2022). Identifying hate speech in societal context: When psychological factors are more important than contents. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 22(3), 906\u2013927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/asap.12320","DOI":"10.1111\/asap.12320"},{"key":"bibr122-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sipr.12081"},{"key":"bibr123-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds K. J., Jones B. M., O\u2019Brien K., Subasic E. (2013). Theories of socio-political change and the dynamics of sub-group versus superordinate interests. European Psychologist, 18(4), 235\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000159","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000159"},{"key":"bibr124-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.91.4.698"},{"key":"bibr125-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin M., Owuamalam C. K., Spears R., Caricati L. (2023). A social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA): Multiple explanations of system justification by the disadvantaged that do not depend on a separate system justification motive. European Review of Social Psychology, 34(2), 203\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10463283.2022","DOI":"10.1080\/10463283.2022.2046422"},{"key":"bibr126-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02261.x"},{"key":"bibr127-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0162-895X.00140"},{"key":"bibr128-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/jspp.v1i1.187"},{"key":"bibr129-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidanius J., Feshbach S., Levin S., Pratto F. (1997). The interface between ethnic and national attachment: Ethnic pluralism or ethnic dominance? The Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(1), 102\u2013133. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2749514","DOI":"10.1086\/297789"},{"key":"bibr130-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195137422.003.0005"},{"key":"bibr131-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon B. (2020). A new perspective on intergroup conflict: The social psychology of politicized struggles for recognition. Theory & Psychology, 30(2), 147\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959354319887227","DOI":"10.1177\/0959354319887227"},{"key":"bibr132-13684302241240689","volume-title":"National identity","volume":"11","author":"Smith A. D.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr133-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sternisko A., Cichocka A., Cislak A., van Bavel J. J. (2023). National narcissism predicts the belief in and the dissemination of conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 56 countries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(1), 48\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01461672211054947","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672211054947"},{"key":"bibr134-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414551363"},{"key":"bibr135-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szczepa\u0144ska D., Marchlewska M., Karakula A., Molenda Z., G\u00f3rska P., Rogoza M. (2022). Dedicated to nation but against women? National narcissism predicts support for anti-abortion laws in Poland. Sex Roles, 87, 99\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-022-01303-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-022-01303-3"},{"key":"bibr136-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabri N., Conway M. (2011). Negative expectancies for the group\u2019s outcomes undermine normative collective action: Conflict between Christian and Muslim groups in Lebanon. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(4), 649\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02071.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02071.x"},{"key":"bibr137-13684302241240689","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The social psychology of intergroup relations","author":"Tajfel H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr138-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2012.02109.x"},{"key":"bibr139-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2015.11.006"},{"key":"bibr140-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10892680211056321"},{"key":"bibr141-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uscinski J. E., Enders A. M., Seelig M. I., Klofstad C. A., Funchion J. R., Everett C., Wuchty S., Premaratne K., Murthi M. N. (2021). American politics in two dimensions: Partisan and ideological identities versus anti-establishment orientations. American Journal of Political Science, 65(4), 877\u2013895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajps.12616","DOI":"10.1111\/ajps.12616"},{"key":"bibr142-13684302241240689","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security. (2020). Homeland threat assessment: October 2020. https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/2020_10_06_homeland-threat-assessment.pdf"},{"key":"bibr143-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Berkel L., Molina L. E., Mukherjee S. (2017). Gender asymmetry in the construction of American national identity. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 41(3), 352\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0361684317707710","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684317707710"},{"key":"bibr144-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2732"},{"key":"bibr145-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2021.111217"},{"key":"bibr146-13684302241240689","volume-title":"For love of country: An essay on patriotism and nationalism","author":"Viroli M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr147-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webber D., Kruglanski A., Molinario E., Ja\u015bko K. (2020). Ideologies that justify political violence. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 107\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.01.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2020.01.004"},{"key":"bibr148-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenzel M., Waldzus S., Steffens M. (2016). Ingroup projection as a challenge of diversity: Consensus about and complexity of superordinate categories. In Sibley C., Barlow F. (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of the psychology of prejudice (pp. 65\u201389). Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781316161579.004","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316161579.004"},{"key":"bibr149-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"West K., Greenland K., van Laar C., Barnoth D. (2022). It\u2019s only discrimination when\n                      they\n                      do it to\n                      us\n                      : When White men use ingroup-serving double standards in definitional boundaries of discrimination. European Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 735\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2849","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2849"},{"key":"bibr150-13684302241240689","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yustisia W., Putra I. E., Kavanagh C., Whitehouse H., Rufaedah A. (2020). The role of religious fundamentalism and tightness\u2013looseness in promoting collective narcissism and extreme group behavior. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 12(2), 231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/rel0000269","DOI":"10.1037\/rel0000269"}],"container-title":["Group Processes &amp; Intergroup Relations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13684302241240689","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13684302241240689","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13684302241240689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:12:51Z","timestamp":1777446771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13684302241240689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13684302241240689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13684302241240689","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4302","1461-7188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4302","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]}}}