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However, few studies have explored the role of VR's immersiveness in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the effects of an immersive VR reminiscence session compared to a non-immersive session, focusing on engagement, behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), and well-being, using behavioral observation and physiological metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized crossover trial with a seven-day washout period was conducted. Engagement, BPSD and well-being were assessed before, during and after each intervention using both observational scales and heart rate variability analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>20 participants (average age 80.55 years, 90% women) were recruited. Significant pre-post differences were found in behavioral engagement (z\u2009=\u2009\u22122.67, p\u2009=\u20090.008) and facial expression of apathy (z\u2009=\u2009\u22122.12, p\u2009=\u20090.034) during the immersive intervention. Additionally, lower apathy in terms of purposeful activity was observed during the immersive intervention (z\u2009=\u2009\u22122.24, p\u2009=\u20090.025). These results are particularly noteworthy given the sample size, which, although small, highlights a clear trend of behavioral and apathy change.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that VR's immersiveness can enhance engagement in dementia intervention programs. As VR technology becomes more accessible and safer, continued research is needed to explore its therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251371236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T13:17:48Z","timestamp":1756473468000},"page":"1517-1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of an immersive virtual reality reminiscence intervention on engagement, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and well-being of people with dementia: A randomized crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7788-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"E2S, Polytechnic of Porto"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E2S, Polytechnic of Porto"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5966-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs and LabRP\/CIR, E2S, Polytechnic of Porto"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7847-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabRP\/CIR, E2S, Polytechnic of Porto"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-012-0288-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1195637"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1049-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.049619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000280437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002614"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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