{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:48:51Z","timestamp":1771616931194,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indoor and Built Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this work a numerical model that simulates the thermal behavior of a building with complex topology and evaluates the indoor thermal and air quality, in transient conditions, is used for a school building thermal project. The program calculates the building surfaces solar radiation field, the building's temperatures, the internal environmental variables, and the occupant's comfort levels. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Initially, after the numerical model is validated, the software is used to evaluate the school building's thermal response for four different orientations, either in winter or summer conditions. The work then aims to identify uncomfortable spaces in order to propose, as an example, several solutions that could be introduced for each orientation, that would improve the thermal comfort and air quality levels to which the occupants are subjected, and decrease the building's energy consumption levels. The information obtained from this study could be used to help a designer choose which thermal systems and solutions function best for a preferred school building orientation. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326x08099550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T16:03:06Z","timestamp":1232726586000},"page":"41-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Numerical Study of the Thermal Efficiency of a School Building with Complex Topology for Different Orientations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Eus\u00e9bio Z.E.","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"FCMA - University of Algarve - Campus de Gambelas - 8005-139 Faro, Portugal,"}]},{"given":"Ma Manuela J.R.","family":"L\u00facio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vertical Grouping of Schools Professor Paula Nogueira\/Regional Directory of Education of Algarve, Rua da Comunidade Lus\u00edada, 8700-248 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering","author":"Fanger PO","year":"1970"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Moderate Thermal Environments- Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort","author":"ISO 7730","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Ventilation for Buildings Design Criteria for the Indoor Environment","author":"CR 1752","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7788(02)00003-8"},{"key":"atypb5","author":"de Dear R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"ASHRAE RP-884"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"ANNEX XV - Energy Efficiency in Schools","author":"Lazzerini R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"ANNEX XV - Energy Efficiency in Schools","author":"Lazzerini R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X0201100603"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"REHVA World Congress CLIMA'2007 Wellbeing Indoors","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o EZE"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"REHVA World Congress CLIMA'2007 Wellbeing Indoors","author":"Ansaldi R."},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"REHVA World Congress CLIMA'2007 Wellbeing Indoors","author":"Mumovic D."},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"REHVA World Congress CLIMA'2007 Wellbeing Indoors","author":"Moraes C."},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Proc. of Building Simulation, Netherlands, Eindhoven","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o EZE"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Proc. of RoomVent 2004","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o EZE"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Fourth International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o EZE"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Numerical study of thermal response of school buildings in summer conditions, Healthy Buildings 2006","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o EZE","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"REHVA World Congress CLIMA'2007 Wellbeing Indoors","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o EZE"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Low-order Classical Runge-Kutta Formulas with Step Size Control and their Application to Some Heat Transfer Problems","author":"Fehlberg E.","year":"1969"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X05052563"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X06074667"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X05050132"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Regulamento dos sistemas energ\u00e9ticos de climatiza\u00e7\u00e3o em edif\u00edcios (RSECE) (Regulation of the energy systems and climatisation of buildings), Diario da Rep\u00fablica, I Serie - A, N. 67, April 4 2006. 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