{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:17:34Z","timestamp":1777688254895,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04708\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indoor and Built Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In Portugal, residential buildings commonly have their ventilation strategy changed after commissioning. This occurs due to the building managers' willingness to reduce shared costs with the electricity needed for fan operation. However, this option is not technically supported, and the effects of such a strategy on indoor air quality-related to human pollutants are yet to be quantified. CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was monitored in 15 bedrooms and air exchange rates were calculated for each room. The air exchange rate values ranged from 0.18 to 0.53\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    when mechanical extraction ventilation was off, and from 0.45 to 0.90\u2009h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    when mechanical extraction ventilation was on, which represents an average increase of 119%. With the current intermittent ventilation strategy, all rooms remain above 1500\u2009ppm for a given percentage of time, and 12 rooms presenting CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations above 2000\u2009ppm. Simulations of theoretical CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations, for a non-interrupted mechanical ventilation strategy show that no rooms would accumulate CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations above 2000\u2009ppm, and only 25% would present CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentrations above 1500\u2009ppm. Pearson correlations between the monitored CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and human and spatial factors identified two relevant parameters. Those parameters correspond to ratios between CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    generation and floor area ([Formula: see text]), and airflow with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    generation ([Formula: see text]). The proposed ratios could be used as ways to optimise ventilation costs and indoor air quality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326x20960767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T21:35:01Z","timestamp":1603143301000},"page":"1516-1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The impact of mechanical ventilation operation strategies on indoor CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    concentration and air exchange rates in residential buildings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3456-0068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT \u2013 LFC, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno M. M.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT \u2013 LFC, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1420326X20960767","unstructured":"2018\/844\/EU D. Directive 2018\/844\/EU amending Directive 2010\/31\/EU on the Energy Performance of Buildings and Directive 2012\/27\/EU on energy efficiency. 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Investigation of window-opening behaviour and indoor air quality in dwellings situated in the temperate zone in China.\n                      Indoor Built Environ.\n                      Epub ahead of print 22 April 2020. DOI: 10.1177\/1420326x20924746.","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X20924746"},{"key":"bibr16-1420326X20960767","unstructured":"Persily AK. The relationship between indoor air quality and carbon dioxide. 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