{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:18:48Z","timestamp":1777936728350,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>At the dawn of modernity, in the 18th century, space became a critical category in defining generational attributes and locations. However, borders that previously tightly isolated adults and children are nowadays continuously challenged and modified by a constant and ubiquitous use of new information and communication technologies, namely the Internet, blurring notions of \u2018private\u2019 and \u2018public\u2019, \u2018outdoors\u2019 and \u2018indoors\u2019, \u2018real\u2019 and \u2018virtual\u2019. Giving voice to children, this article explores qualitative empirical data from a research project carried out in Portugal. It focuses on children as subjects and actors of these processes, especially in the way they combine \u2018real\u2019 and \u2018virtual\u2019 space and place in a geography of their own.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814528293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T20:59:56Z","timestamp":1395781196000},"page":"1436-1453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Internet, children and space: Revisiting generational attributes and boundaries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ana Nunes","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Delicado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"de Almeida Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge University, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14733280601005369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"L\u2019enfant et la vie familiale sous l\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime","author":"Ari\u00e8s P","year":"1973","unstructured":"Ari\u00e8s P (1973) L\u2019enfant et la vie familiale sous l\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime. Paris: Points."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Youth, Identity, and Digital Media","author":"boyd d","year":"2007","unstructured":"boyd d (2007) Why youth (Heart) social network sites: the role of networked publics in teenage social life. In: Buckingham D (ed.) Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 1\u201326."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Hanging Out, Messing around and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media","author":"boyd d","year":"2010","unstructured":"boyd d (2010) Friendship. In: Ito M, Horst HA, Lange PG, . (eds) Hanging Out, Messing around and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 79\u2013116."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038595029004011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Computer games and digital culture conferences","author":"Bryce J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bryce J, Rutter J (2002) Killing like a girl: gendered gaming and girl gamers\u2019 visibility. In: Computer games and digital culture conferences, Tampere, 6\u20138 June, pp. 243\u2013255. Tampere: Tampere University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"Media Education: Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture","author":"Buckingham D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buckingham D (2003) Media Education: Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","volume-title":"Beyond Technology: Children\u2019s Learning in the Age of Digital Culture","author":"Buckingham D","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buckingham D (2007) Beyond Technology: Children\u2019s Learning in the Age of Digital Culture. London: Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00131911.2013.768959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848608436.n6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2011.00427.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0030923990350303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444801003002004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","article-title":"EU Kids Online: national perspectives","author":"Haddon L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haddon L, Livingstone S (2012) EU Kids Online: national perspectives. EU Kids Online, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, October.","journal-title":"EU Kids Online, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v7i4.942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","volume-title":"Comparing Children\u2019s Online Opportunities and Risks across Europe: Cross-National Comparisons for EU Kids Online","author":"Hasebrink U","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hasebrink U, Livingstone S, Haddon L (2009) Comparing Children\u2019s Online Opportunities and Risks across Europe: Cross-National Comparisons for EU Kids Online. London: EU Kids Online."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/S0038038500000468"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810397649"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Hanging Out, Messing around and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media","author":"Horst HA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horst HA, Herr-Stephenson B, Robinson L (2010) Media ecologies. In: Ito M, Horst HA, Lange PG, . (eds) Hanging Out, Messing around and Geeking Out: Kids Living and Learning with New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 29\u201378."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Technologies of the childhood imagination: media mixes, hypersociality and recombinant cultural form","volume":"4","author":"Ito M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ito M (2003) Technologies of the childhood imagination: media mixes, hypersociality and recombinant cultural form. Items and Issues 4: 31\u201334.","journal-title":"Items and Issues"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","volume-title":"Theorizing Childhood","author":"James A","year":"1998","unstructured":"James A, Jenks C (1998) Theorizing Childhood. Cambridge: Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0907568205058600"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14733280302195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444807080328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X05283482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14636310303140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","volume-title":"Childhood and Society: Growing up in an Age of Uncertainty","author":"Lee N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee N (2005) Childhood and Society: Growing up in an Age of Uncertainty. Berkshire: Open University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","volume-title":"Social Media and Mobile Internet Use among Teens and Young Adults","author":"Lenhart A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lenhart A, Purcell K, Smith A (2010) Social Media and Mobile Internet Use among Teens and Young Adults. Washington, DC: Pew Research Centre."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444811410406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444808089415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"Risks and Safety on The Internet: The Perspective of European Children","author":"Livingstone S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Livingstone S, Haddon L, G\u00f6rzig A, . (2011) Risks and Safety on The Internet: The Perspective of European Children. London: EU Kids Online Network, The London School of Economics and Political Science."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poetic.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203323113_chapter_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"L\u2019enfant et ses cultures","author":"Prout A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prout A (2013) Retour sur la nouvelle sociologie de l\u2019enfance. In: Sirota R and Octobre S (dir.) L\u2019enfant et ses cultures. Paris: MCC, pp. 33\u201358."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Research with Children","author":"Qvortrup J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Qvortrup J (2004) Macroanalysis of childhood. In: Christensen P, Allison J (eds) Research with Children. London: Routledge Falmer, pp. 77\u201397."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0907568204043053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"L\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une sociologie de l\u2019enfance: \u00e9volution de l\u2019objet, \u00e9volution du regard","volume":"2","author":"Sirota R","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sirota R (1998) L\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019une sociologie de l\u2019enfance: \u00e9volution de l\u2019objet, \u00e9volution du regard. \u00c9ducation et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s 2: 9\u201333.","journal-title":"\u00c9ducation et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2011.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","volume-title":"Growing up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation","author":"Tapscott D","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tapscott D (1998) Growing up Digital: The Rise of the Net Generation. New York: McGraw-Hill."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Globalizing intimacy: the role of information and communication technologies in maintaining and creating relationships","volume":"34","author":"Valentine G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valentine G (2006) Globalizing intimacy: the role of information and communication technologies in maintaining and creating relationships. Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly 34(1\u20132): 365\u2013393.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8306.00292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Children\u2019s Geographies \u2013 Playing, Living, Learning","author":"Valentine G","year":"2000","unstructured":"Valentine G, Holloway S, Bingham N (2000) Transforming cyberspace. Children\u2019s interventions in the new public sphere. In: Holloway S, Valentine G (eds) Children\u2019s Geographies \u2013 Playing, Living, Learning. London: Routledge, pp. 135\u2013150."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444805052282"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444814528293","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444814528293","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444814528293","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:41:54Z","timestamp":1777693314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444814528293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444814528293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444814528293","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]}}}