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For this purpose, a multibody knee model composed by two rigid bodies, the femur and the tibia, and four non-linear spring elements that represent the main knee ligaments, is considered. The contact force models used were the Hertz, the Hunt\u2013Crossley, and the Lankarani\u2013Nikravesh approaches. Results obtained from computational simulations show that Hertz law is less suitable to describe the dynamic response of the cartilage contact, because this pure elastic model does not account for the viscoelastic nature of the human articulations. Since knee can exhibit conformal and non-conformal contact scenarios, three different geometrical configurations for femur\u2013tibia contact are considered, that is convex\u2013convex sphere contact, convex\u2013concave sphere contact, and convex sphere\u2013plane contact. The highest level of contact forces is obtained for the case of convex\u2013convex sphere contact. As far as the influence of the material contact properties is concerned, the dynamic response of a healthy and natural knee is analysed and compared with three pathological and two artificial knee models. The obtained results demonstrate that the presence of the cartilage reduces significantly the knee contact forces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1464419311413988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,30]],"date-time":"2011-09-30T06:55:32Z","timestamp":1317365732000},"page":"344-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Influence of the contact model on the dynamic response of the human knee joint"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Machado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Tecnologias Mec\u00e2nicas e de Materiais (CT2M), Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Tecnologias Mec\u00e2nicas e de Materiais (CT2M), Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica (IDMEC), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade T\u00e9cnica de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Completo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Tecnologia Mec\u00e2nica e Automa\u00e7\u00e3o (TEMA), Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-010-9209-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-009-9608-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/146441906X77722"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-010-9220-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4825(95)98882-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2004.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-010-9219-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-010-9230-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044-004-2513-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_2","unstructured":"Lin M. 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