{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:17:52Z","timestamp":1767658672505,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbon fiber reinforced polymer\u2013steel structural bonded joints are often subject to mixed-mode loading i.e. coupling action of normal and shear stress occurs in the joints. In this paper, an experimental approach based on fracture mechanics was adopted to obtain the fracture toughness (G\n                    <jats:sub>\u0399C<\/jats:sub>\n                    and G\n                    <jats:sub>\u0399\u0399C<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of an adhesive currently employed in civil engineering applications, with the corresponding pure cohesive models verified by numerical results. Furthermore, feasibility of the mixed-mode cohesive model for the current adhesive was validated through comparison of numerical and experimental results of carbon fiber reinforced polymer\u2013steel single-lap joints. Finally, based on the validated mixed-mode cohesive model, the interfacial damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer\u2013steel beam joints was analyzed using the finite element method, accounting for the long-term degradation that can occur in the joint materials i.e. carbon fiber reinforced polymer and adhesive. The work in this paper can provide some useful data such as the fracture properties of the adhesive and shed some light on the design optimization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer\u2013steel structure joints as well as the estimation of its long-term interfacial behavior when in service in civil engineering applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14644207211021385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T05:19:12Z","timestamp":1623561552000},"page":"2423-2440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Determination of fracture toughness of an adhesive in civil engineering and interfacial damage analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer\u2013steel structure bonded joints"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-2516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongming","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"}]},{"given":"Shishun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2750-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"EAS","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RJC","family":"Carbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JJM","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Engenharia Industrial (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LFM","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Silva LFM \u00d6chsner A and Adams RD. 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