{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:48:12Z","timestamp":1777938492903,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present contribution addresses the micromechanical and thermal analysis of directed energy deposition-manufactured, stainless steel 316L components by utilizing experimental and numerical analyses. It has been established that a combination of controlling process parameters, manufacturing environment and microstructural anisotropies could adversely affect the quality of as-deposited parts. Among other factors, the shape, size, and distribution of the microvoids and porosities could, to some extent, have deteriorating effects on the mechanical properties of the additively manufactured components. In this work, the micromechanically motivated Gurson\u2013Tvergaard\u2013Needleman damage model is utilized and the performance of the model is evaluated by observing the damage accumulation in the loaded additively manufactured specimens. By relying to the laboratory-based material data and fractographic imagery from nonstandard tensile testing on fabricated samples in different building directions, numerical model predictions are found to be in a good agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, by resorting to the finite element software capabilities, the thermal analyses are carried out on the manufactured cube component and the influence of the process parameters on the temperature distribution is revealed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1464420721990049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T01:25:04Z","timestamp":1611883504000},"page":"1430-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experimental and computational analysis of additively manufactured tensile specimens: Assessment of localized-cooling rate and ductile fracture using the Gurson\u2013 Tvergaard\u2013Needleman damage model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0807-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roya","family":"Darabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Azinpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Felipe K","family":"Fiorentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel J","family":"Abarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Cesar de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Dzugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMTES FHT a.s., Dobrany, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814062-8.00002-9"},{"key":"bibr2-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.10.027"},{"key":"bibr3-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.11.130"},{"key":"bibr4-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2015.07.001"},{"key":"bibr5-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2016.06.016"},{"key":"bibr6-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2017.04.058"},{"key":"bibr7-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2012.07.002"},{"key":"bibr8-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2019.116286"},{"key":"bibr9-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pramod R, Kumar SM, Girinath B, et\u00a0al. Fabrication, characterisation, and finite element analysis of cold metal transfer-based wire and arc additive-manufactured aluminium alloy 4043 cylinder.\n                      Weld World\n                      . Epub ahead of print 2020. DOI:10.1007\/s40194-020-00970-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40194-020-00970-8"},{"key":"bibr10-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2018.05.006"},{"key":"bibr11-1464420721990049","first-page":"101031","volume":"32","author":"Lee YS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addit Manuf"},{"key":"bibr12-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2018.12.005"},{"key":"bibr13-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2017.04.027"},{"key":"bibr14-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2019.106841"},{"key":"bibr15-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.107823"},{"key":"bibr16-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10704-019-00371-z"},{"key":"bibr17-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finel.2020.103417"},{"key":"bibr18-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2016.06.020"},{"key":"bibr19-1464420721990049","unstructured":"Simulia ABAQUS\/CAE User\u2019s Manual.\n                      ABAQUS\/CAE User\u2019s Man.\n                      2001: 1\u2013847."},{"key":"bibr20-1464420721990049","unstructured":"DASSAULT SYSTEMES, \u201cAdditive manufacturing,\u201d www.3ds.com\/products-services\/simulia\/trends\/ digital-additive-manufacturing (accessed 1 January 2021)."},{"key":"bibr21-1464420721990049","unstructured":"Hoeken Z, Kintel M, Mayer A, et\u00a0al. http:\/\/replicat.org\/"},{"key":"bibr22-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40192-019-00144-5"},{"key":"bibr23-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2014.10.003"},{"key":"bibr24-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/i160061a027"},{"key":"bibr25-1464420721990049","first-page":"509","volume":"10","author":"Antony K","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eng Sci Technol"},{"key":"bibr26-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2018.05.041"},{"key":"bibr27-1464420721990049","unstructured":"Laney CB.\n                      The CFL Condition\n                      . 2009."},{"key":"bibr28-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6160(84)90213-X"},{"key":"bibr29-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5096(84)90031-0"},{"key":"bibr30-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5096(82)90025-4"},{"key":"bibr31-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00036191"},{"key":"bibr32-1464420721990049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darabi R and Azinpour E. Fracture prediction based on evaluation of initial porosity induced by direct energy deposition.\n                      European Journal of Computational Mechanics\n                      2020; 29.","DOI":"10.13052\/ejcm2642-2085.29233"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1464420721990049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1464420721990049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1464420721990049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:40:59Z","timestamp":1777696859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1464420721990049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1464420721990049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1464420721990049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4207","2041-3076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4207","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]}}}