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Therefore, the formability of metallic materials is an essential feature in stamping processes. One of the inevitable scattering sources when considering these processes is the variability of material properties, which can change from coil to coil, from batch to batch and from supplier to supplier. This constitutes a significant obstacle in improving the quality of any manufacturing process. The current study investigates the formability and the mechanical characterization of a defined advanced high strength steel grade, considering different suppliers, coils, and batches in order to evaluate its influence on the results of the sheet metal forming process. A microstructure analysis is also considered to understand the impact of micro-scale variables (e.g. grain size) in macro-scale behavior. Additionally, numerical simulations were taken into consideration to evaluate the influence of mechanical characterization in the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1464420721994868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T08:23:35Z","timestamp":1613895815000},"page":"1262-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of scatter on material properties and its influence on formability in hole expansion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1016-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SS","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"DJ","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"RL","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"AD","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FEUP, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J","family":"C\u00e9sar de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FEUP, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"JV","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE \u2013 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1464420721994868","unstructured":"Col A. Investigation on press forming scatter origin. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 6th international conference on material forming, ESAFORM\u201903\n                      , pp.183\u2013186.  Salerno: Springer."},{"key":"bibr2-1464420721994868","unstructured":"Garson M, Ferragu V, Burlat M. Digital stamping process robustness analysis, new competitiveness perspectives for tool and die suppliers. In:\n                      IDDRG 2014 conference\n                      , Paris, France, 1-4 June 2014."},{"key":"bibr3-1464420721994868","unstructured":"Wiebengaa JH, Atzemab EH, Anb YG, et\u00a0al. Accounting for material scatter in sheet metal forming simulations. In:\n                      IDDRG 2013 conference\n                      , Zurich, Switzerland, 2-5 June 2013."},{"key":"bibr4-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12289-009-0534-5"},{"key":"bibr5-1464420721994868","unstructured":"Nguyen VD, Adragna PA, Lafon P. Predicting the effects of material and process parameters on springback by FEM numerical simulation in sheet metal forming. In:\n                      10th MOSIM \u2013 international conference on MOdeling, Optimization and SIMulation\n                      , Montr\u00e9al, 22-24 August 2016."},{"key":"bibr6-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmatprotec.2013.08.008"},{"key":"bibr7-1464420721994868","unstructured":"Gu CJ, Pathaka N, Enloeb M, et\u00a0al. Evaluations of edge formability for DP780 materials from different suppliers. In:\n                      IDDRG \u2013 39th international deep-drawing research group conference, conference proceedings, virtual\n                      , Busan, South Korea, 7-11 June 2020."},{"key":"bibr8-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-2624-4"},{"key":"bibr9-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AEF.8-9.251"},{"key":"bibr10-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krachenfels K, Rothammer B, Zhao R, et\u00a0al. Influence of varying sheet material properties on dry deep drawing process.\n                      IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng\n                      ; 2019: 651.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/651\/1\/012012"},{"key":"bibr11-1464420721994868","first-page":"71","volume":"80","author":"Karelova A","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater Technol"},{"key":"bibr12-1464420721994868","unstructured":"Miranda SS, Santos AD, Amaral RL, et\u00a0al. Effect of mechanical properties variability of an advance high strength steel in sheet metal forming processes. In:\n                      DCE \u2013 3rd doctoral congress in engineering, conference proceedings\n                      , Porto, Portugal, 27-28 June 2019."},{"key":"bibr13-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijplas.2006.03.004"},{"key":"bibr14-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtla.2019.100566"},{"key":"bibr15-1464420721994868","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11665-008-9218-4"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1464420721994868","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1464420721994868","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1464420721994868","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:41:08Z","timestamp":1777696868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1464420721994868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1464420721994868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1464420721994868","relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4207","2041-3076"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4207","type":"print"},{"value":"2041-3076","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]}}}