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We test the hypothesized relationships by a study of 221 start-ups in Colombia and 203 start-ups in Australia and validate the theoretical model using survey information. We apply a structural equation modelling partial least squares structural equation modelling and multi-group approaches. The results verify the positive influence of SE on SP independently of NLC development. Nevertheless, network learning as a capability acts as a moderator by establishing the impact of the SE on SP. The moderating is determined by a strong NLC linking the SE's government, financial and organisational support. 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