{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:04:47Z","timestamp":1777961087505,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ethnography"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The notion that prisons are a `world apart', with their walls severing prisoners from their external relationships, and incarceration an interruption, `time away' spent in a separate social universe, has provided an adequate framework for understanding the social realities of imprisonment in the past. But it has also created an analytical dead angle that prevents us from identifying the ramifying social effects of concentrated incarceration upon both the prison and heavily penalized lower-class neighborhoods. This article addresses these effects with data from an ethnographic revisit of a major women's prison in Portugal, where the recomposition of the inmate population that has accompanied the rapid inflation of the country's carceral population is especially pronounced and entails the activation of wide-ranging carceralized networks bringing kinship and neighborhood into the prison as well as the prison into the domestic world. The analysis focuses on the ways whereby these constellations have transformed the experience of confinement and the texture of correctional life, calling for a reconsideration of the theoretical status of the prison as a `total institution' and for exploring anew the boundary that separates it (or not) from outside worlds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138108094974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,10]],"date-time":"2008-09-10T10:32:08Z","timestamp":1221042728000},"page":"325-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Closed circuits"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manuela Ivone P.","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003288558106100206"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio","author":"Bourgois, P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1519757"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Hacks, Blacks and Cons: Race Relations in a Maximum Security Prison","author":"Carroll, L.","year":"1974"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Casal Ventoso: Da Gandaia ao Narcotr\u00e1fico","author":"Chaves, M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138102003004017"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226114682.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Malhas que a Reclus\u00e3o Tece. Quest\u00f5es de Identidade numa Pris\u00e3o Feminina","author":"Cunha, M.P. da","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/books.etnograficapress.476"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"32","volume":"58","author":"Cunha, M.P. da","year":"2004","journal-title":"Renglones"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Cunha, M.P. da (2005) `From Neighborhood to Prison: Women and the War on Drugs in Portugal', in J. Sudbury (ed.) Global Lockdown. Race, Gender, and the Prison-Industrial Complex , pp. 155-65. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Cunha, M.P. da (2007) `Les Liens du trafic: parent\u00e9, voisinage et genre dans des narcomarch\u00e9s', in M. Kokoreff, M. P\u00e9raldi and M. Weinberger (eds) \u00c9conomies criminelles et mondes urbains, pp. 109-19. Paris: PUF."},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Gender, Ethnicity and the State: Latina and Latino Prison Politics","author":"D\u00edas-Cotto, J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203193242"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Les mondes de la Drogue","author":"Duprez, D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128792038001002"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Beggars and Thieves: The Lives of Urban Street Criminals","author":"Fleisher, M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"71","volume":"3","author":"Foster, T.","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Journal of Criminology and Penology"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Society of Women: A Study of a Women's Prison","author":"Giallombardo, R.","year":"1966"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"[1961]) Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental and Other Inmates","author":"Goffman, E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Profile of Inmates 1996","author":"Harlow, C.W.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Prisons in Turmoil","author":"Irwin, J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/799047"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Johnson, B., A. Hamid and H. Sanabria (1992) `Emerging Models of Crack Distribution', in T. Mieczkowski (ed.) Drugs, Crime, and Social Policy: Research, Issues, and Concerns, pp. 56-78. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon."},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"155","volume":"48","author":"Kosofski, S.","year":"1958","journal-title":"Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Prison: Une Ethnologue en Centrale","author":"Le Caisne, L.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Anatomie de la Prison","author":"Lemire, G.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198264958.001.0001","volume-title":"Sexed Work: Gender, Race and Resistance in a Brooklyn Drug Market","author":"Maher, L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"103","volume":"74","author":"Maia Costa, E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Revista do Minist\u00e9rio P\u00fablico"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3917\/eres.march.1997.01"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138102003004014"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Vidas Raras de Mulheres Comuns. Percursos de Vida, Significa\u00e7\u00f5es do Crime e Constru\u00e7\u00e3o Da Identidade em Jovens Reclusas","author":"Matos, R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"`Estat\u00edsticas da Justi\u00e7a'","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Justi\u00e7a","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb34","volume-title":"`Estat\u00edsticas da Justi\u00e7a'","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Justi\u00e7a","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"Informal Inmate Social Structure in Prisons for Women: A Comparative Study","author":"Mitchell, A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration","author":"Patillo, M.,","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Prison Homosexuality","author":"Propper, A.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb38","unstructured":"Santos, B.S. (1993) `O Estado, as Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Salariais e o Bem-Estar Social na Semi-Periferia: O Caso Portugu\u00eas', in B.S. Santos (ed.) Portugal: Um Retrato Singular, pp. 15-59. Porto : Afrontamento."},{"key":"atypb39","volume-title":"Pela M\u00e3o de Alice. O Social e o P\u00f3l\u00edtico na P\u00f3s-Modernidade","author":"Santos, B.S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/215666"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269602600414"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"Who Rules the Joint?","author":"Stastny, C.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"`Urban Poverty and Prisons: The Political Socialization of Inner-City Males', PhD dissertation","author":"Stewart, T.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison","author":"Sykes, G.","year":"1958"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195077209.001.0001","volume-title":"Malign Neglect: Race, Crime and Punishment in America","author":"Tonry, M.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb46","first-page":"81","volume":"25","author":"Valentim, A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Problemas e Pr\u00e1ticas"},{"key":"atypb47","volume-title":"Les Prisons de la Mis\u00e8re","author":"Wacquant, L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14624740122228276"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138102003004012"},{"key":"atypb50","volume-title":"Punir les Pauvres. Le Nouveau Gouvernement de l'Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale","author":"Wacquant, L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb51","unstructured":"Walker, N. (1987) `The Unwanted Effects of Long-Term Imprisonment' , in A.E. Bottoms and R. Light (eds) Problems of Long-Term Imprisonment , pp. 194-6. Aldershot: Gower."},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1140837"}],"container-title":["Ethnography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1466138108094974","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1466138108094974","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:47:38Z","timestamp":1777409258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1466138108094974"}},"subtitle":["Kinship, neighborhood and incarceration in urban Portugal"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1466138108094974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1466138108094974","relation":{},"ISSN":["1466-1381","1741-2714"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1466-1381","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2714","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}