{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:19:53Z","timestamp":1791717593318,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Social Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u2022 Summary: This article examines the effects of violence by service users in England and Finland against child protection social workers. Proposals derived from analysis of research findings for improved policies and practice in agencies, with particular reference to England, are discussed. In addition, results and implications of a smaller number of interviews with social workers in Finland are explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022 Findings: The research found that there are a number of different effects resulting from violence on child protection social workers, depending on the particular configuration of factors involved in any particular situation. These include concerns about the effects of user violence on the ability of social workers to protect children; the importance of managers keeping a focus on workers\u2019 safety, particularly when threats are not always obvious to others; staff support strategies; responses to violent service users; and how workers\u2019 experiences can be employed to improve risk assessment and risk management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022 Applications: This article suggests that the experiences of and learning by social workers derived from incidents of violence need to be more systematically included in policy development and review. In addition, attitudes and procedures need to be in place which allow social workers to report their concerns and have them dealt with effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1468017305051240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,9]],"date-time":"2005-03-09T17:38:39Z","timestamp":1110389919000},"page":"61-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["The Stresses Arising from Violence, Threats and Aggression Against Child                 Protection Social Workers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Littlechild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Violence Towards Staff","author":"Association of Chief Probation Officers","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Guidelines and Recommendations to Employers on Violence Against Employees","author":"Association of Directors of Social Services","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Social Services: Working Under Pressure","author":"Balloch, S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Social Psychology","author":"Baron, R. A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Violence Towards Social Workers","author":"British Association of Social Workers","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Good Practice in Child Protection","author":"Brock, E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/146801730200200103"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-18181-0"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Violence at Work: Findings from the British Crime Survey","author":"Budd, T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Introduction to Research Methods","author":"Burns, R. B.","year":"2000"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb11","first-page":"5","volume":"11","author":"Bute, S. F.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Social Work Today"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Child Abuse Deaths: A Study of Inquiry Reports 1980-1989","author":"Department of Health","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Child Protection: Messages from Research","author":"Department of Health","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"A Safer Place: Report of the Task Force on Violence Against Social Care Staff and National Action Plan","author":"Department of Health","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Framework for Assessment of Children in Need and their Families","author":"Department of Health, Department for Education and Employment and Home Office","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Working Together to Safeguard Children: A Guide to Inter-Agency Working to Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children","author":"Department of Health, Home Office and Department for Education and Employment","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Child Protection Practice: Private Risks and Public Remedies","author":"Farmer, E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011366"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Preventing Violence to Staff","author":"Health and Safety Executive","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Protecting Children: Messages from Europe","author":"Hetherington, R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Public Expenditure on Social Services: Child Protection Services (Second Report, Session 1990-1991)","author":"House of Commons Health Select Committee","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Dealing with Aggression","author":"Littlechild, B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011201"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"\u2018I Know Where You Live\u2019: How Child Protection Social Workers are Affected by Threats and Aggression. A Study into the Stresses Faced by Child Protection Workers in Hertfordshire: With Notes on Research into Finnish Social Workers\u2019 Experiences","author":"Littlechild, B.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09503150308416909"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Reducing Domestic Violence... What Works?: Meeting the Needs of Children","author":"Mullender, A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Violence Against Probation Officers","author":"National Association of Probation Officers","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Violence Against Social Care Workers: Briefing","author":"National Institute for Social Work","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Violence Against Social Workers","author":"Norris, D.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"The Abuse of Women Within Child Care Work","author":"O\u2019Hagan, K.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb31","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work","author":"Otway, O.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb32","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Social Services: Working under Pressure","author":"Pahl, J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.1996.tb00002.x"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011317"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781350363397","volume-title":"Constructive Social Work","author":"Parton, N.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb36","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Radical Social Work Today","author":"Parton, N.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Violence in Social Work","author":"Rowett, C.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"Violence Against Professionals in the Community Study: The Accounts and Experiences of Probation Officers","author":"Royal Holloway College","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011344"}],"container-title":["Journal of Social Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1468017305051240","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1468017305051240","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:14:47Z","timestamp":1777698887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1468017305051240"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1468017305051240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1468017305051240","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-0173","1741-296X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-0173","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-296X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}