{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:34:28Z","timestamp":1740980068223,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Visual Culture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> How can a body of visual images without any accompanying texts or words possibly be understood? In addressing some of the issues in the interpretation and understandings of the \u2018art\u2019 of Ice Age or Paleolithic Europe, we face a conundrum different from other corpuses of visual imagery. In a non-literate, mobile hunting\u2014gathering society such as it was some 20,000 years ago, the images may have had more, not less, cultural significance even if the cave art was not likely to have been seen by many. Furthermore, in our attempts to read the images, the modern representations of them in photos and drawings, and the very selection of which images to depict in books and other media play a more crucial role in our interpretations than do the original images that are not easy to access. This article addresses the ironies of images without words, images that have profound status as evidence over time and space despite the fact that so many archaeologists have not taken them seriously. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1470412910380341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]],"date-time":"2010-12-15T16:54:42Z","timestamp":1292432082000},"page":"272-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Images without Words: The Construction of Prehistoric Imaginaries for Definitions of \u2018Us\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Margaret W.","family":"Conkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology Department, University of California, Berkeley, 232 Kroeber Hall, Berkeley, CA 947203710, USA,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"18","author":"Berger, J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Guardian Review"},{"volume-title":"Four Hundred Centuries of Cave Art","year":"1952","author":"Breuil, H.","key":"atypb2"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"348","volume":"13","author":"Cartilhac, E.","year":"1902","journal-title":"Mea culpa d\u2019un sceptique\u2019, L\u2019Anthropologie"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.1993.1015"},{"volume-title":"Les chamanes de pr\u00e9histoire: texte integral, pol\u00e9mique et r\u00e9ponses","year":"1996","author":"Clottes, J.","key":"atypb5"},{"volume-title":"The Shamans of Prehistory: Trance and Magic in the Painted Caves","year":"1998","author":"Clottes, J.","key":"atypb6"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"413","volume":"14","author":"Conkey, M.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Field Archaeology"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Conkey, M. ( 1997) \u2018Mobilizing Ideologies: Paleolithic \"Art\", Gender Trouble, and Thinking about Alternatives\u2019, in L. Hager (ed.) Women in Human Evolution, pp. 172-207. London : Routledge."},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Conkey, M. ( 2009) \u2018Materiality and Meaning-Making in the Understanding of the Paleolithic \"Arts\"\u2019, in C. Renfrew and I. Morley (eds) Becoming Human: Innovation in Prehistoric Material and Spiritual Culture, pp. 179-94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"volume-title":"Beyond Art: Pleistocene Image and Symbol","year":"1997","author":"Conkey, M.","key":"atypb10"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3887989"},{"volume-title":"\u2018Prehistoric Palimpsests\u2019, lecture presented at the","year":"1997","author":"Davis, W.","key":"atypb12"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10816-007-9027-3"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2802103"},{"volume-title":"The Paleolithic Societies of Europe","year":"1999","author":"Gamble, C.","key":"atypb15"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511618598"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb17","first-page":"23","volume":"9","author":"Gifford-Gonzalez, D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Visual Anthropology"},{"volume-title":"Social Being and Time","year":"1994","author":"Gosden, C.","key":"atypb18"},{"volume-title":"The Nature of Paleolithic Art","year":"2005","author":"Guthrie, D.","key":"atypb19"},{"volume-title":"paper presented at \u2018Capturing the Moment: Visual Evidence and Eyewitnessing\u2019","author":"Halttunen, Karen","key":"atypb20"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1954.56.2.02a00020"},{"volume-title":"paper presented at \u2018Capturing the Moment: Visual Evidence and Eyewitnessing\u2019","author":"Hunt, L.","key":"atypb22"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Jochim, M. ( 1983) \u2018Paleolithic Cave Art in Ecological Perspective\u2019 , in G. Bailey (ed.) Hunter-Gatherer Economy in Prehistory, pp. 212-19. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joyce, R. ( 2008) \u2018When the Flesh Is Solid but the Person Is Hollow Inside: Formal Variation in Hand-Modeled Figurines from Formative Mesoamerica\u2019 , in D. Boric and J. Robb (eds) Past Bodies, pp. 37-45. Oxford : Oxbow Books.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv13pk5rd.8"},{"volume-title":"Treasures of Prehistoric Art","year":"1965","author":"Leroi-Gourhan, A.","key":"atypb25"},{"volume-title":"Lascaux Inconnu, XIIe Suppl\u00e9ment \u00e0 Gallia Pr\u00e9histoire","year":"1979","author":"Leroi-Gourhan, Arl.","key":"atypb26"},{"volume-title":"The Mind in the Cave: Consciousness and the Origin of Art","year":"2002","author":"Lewis-Williams, J.D.","key":"atypb27"},{"volume-title":"The Roots of Civilization","year":"1972","author":"Marshack, A.","key":"atypb28"},{"volume-title":"La Controversia del Arte Pal\u00e9olitico","year":"2009","author":"Mingo Alvarez, A.","key":"atypb29"},{"volume-title":"Cultural Life of Images: Visual Representation in Archaeology","year":"1997","author":"Molyneaux, B.","key":"atypb30"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1469605306060571"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anthro.2007.07.008","volume":"111","author":"Moro, A.O.","year":"2004","journal-title":"L\u2019Anthropologie"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501729010"},{"key":"atypb34","unstructured":"Shanks, M. ( 1997) \u2018Photography and Archaeology\u2019, in B. Molyneaux (ed.) Cultural Life of Images: Visual Representation in Archaeology, pp. 73-98. New York: Routledge."},{"volume-title":"Anthropologie na\u00efve, anthropologie savante: de l\u2019Origine de l\u2019homme de l\u2019imagination et des id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues","year":"1994","author":"Stoczkowski, W.","key":"atypb35"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1991.93.3.02a00010"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.21.100192.002541"},{"volume-title":"Prehistoric Art: The Symbolic Journey of Humankind","year":"2003","author":"White, R.","key":"atypb38"}],"container-title":["Journal of Visual Culture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1470412910380341","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1470412910380341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T09:53:28Z","timestamp":1740909208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1470412910380341"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/srmo.sagepub.com\/view\/sage-visual-methods\/n26.xml","label":"sage-research"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1470412910380341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470412910380341","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-4129","1741-2994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1470-4129"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-2994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}}}