{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:46:54Z","timestamp":1777549614938,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychological health of caregivers of people with dementia is a major public concern. This study sought to determine the relationship between caregiver burden, psychological distress, frailty and functional dependency of a relative with advanced dementia. Persons with dementia and their caregivers (102 dyads) participated in this Portuguese community based cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Zarit Burden Interview, the Brief Symptoms Inventory and the Edmonton Frail Scale. Alzheimer's disease was the most common type of dementia among the recipients of care, who showed moderate (42.2%) to severe (52.9%) dementia. Among them 35.3% exhibited moderate and 45.1% severe frailty. Family caregivers reported moderate (76.5%) to severe burden (18.6%). Psychological distress was very high among family caregivers. Results show that people with dementia exhibited moderate (35.3%) or severe frailty (45.1%) and that a severe frailty was found in people with moderate dementia. A one-way ANOVA was conducted between the Global Severity Index and some sociodemographic variables. ANOVA reached p\u2009&lt;\u2009.01 for employment status of the caregiver, assistance and professional support, and psychiatric history; and p\u2009=\u20090.01 for caregiver age and years of caregiving. Although caregivers reported benefit from the supportive approach offered by the multidisciplinary home care team, high levels of distress and associated burden were found, which might decrease their capacity to care for the person with dementia and their own health and well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301218773842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]],"date-time":"2018-05-02T06:31:03Z","timestamp":1525242663000},"page":"301-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["A cross-sectional study of family caregiver burden and psychological distress linked to frailty and functional dependency of a relative with advanced dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Wilson","family":"Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto School of Nursing\/CINTESIS (Center for Research in Health Technologies and Services), Portugal"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Tolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Graham A","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the West of Scotland, UK"}]},{"given":"Nilza","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro - Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988714524627"},{"key":"bibr2-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317509341465"},{"key":"bibr3-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12095"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr4-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.2\/hbrodaty","volume":"11","author":"Brodaty H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"bibr5-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2071"},{"key":"bibr6-1471301218773842","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Psychological tests and scales in Portugal [Testes e provas psicol\u00f3gicas em Portugal]","author":"Canavarro M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr7-1471301218773842","first-page":"305","volume-title":"Psychological evaluation: Validated instruments for the Portuguese population [Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o psicol\u00f3gica: Instrumentos validados para a popula\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa]","volume":"3","author":"Canavarro M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr8-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu118"},{"key":"bibr9-1471301218773842","unstructured":"Crowther G. (2015). Palliative care in dementia (pp. 10\u2013152).  London:  Radcliffe Publishing."},{"key":"bibr10-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv148"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr11-1471301218773842","first-page":"892","volume":"26","author":"Dawood S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of College Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan"},{"key":"bibr12-1471301218773842","volume-title":"BSI brief symptom inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedure manual","author":"Derrogatis L.","year":"1993","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr13-1471301218773842","unstructured":"DGS. (2011).\n                      Therapeutic approach to cognitive disorders\n                      (Health General Department \u2013 Guideline 53\/2011, pp. 1\u20134). Portugal: Ministry of Health."},{"key":"bibr14-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.03.018"},{"key":"bibr15-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318235b62f"},{"key":"bibr16-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610216000922"},{"key":"bibr17-1471301218773842","unstructured":"Garrett C., Santos F., Tracana I., Barreto J., Sobral M., Fonseca R. (2008).\n                      Clinical evaluation of dementia. Scales and tests in dementia\n                      [Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o cl\u00ednica da dem\u00eancia. Escalas e testes na dem\u00eancia]. Grupo de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral e Dem\u00eancias. Porto."},{"key":"bibr18-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-85"},{"key":"bibr19-1471301218773842","unstructured":"GEECD \u2013 Study Group on Brain Aging and Dementias [Grupo de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral e Dem\u00eancias]. (2008). In A. Mendon\u00e7a & M. Guerreiro M (Eds.),\n                      Scales and tests in dementia\n                      (Escalas e Testes na Dem\u00eancia). Edi\u00e7\u00e3o do Grupo de Estudos de Envelhecimento Cerebral e Dem\u00eancias. Porto."},{"key":"bibr20-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.12519"},{"key":"bibr21-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2016.18.12.ecas1-1612"},{"key":"bibr22-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0298-y"},{"key":"bibr23-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301216659797"},{"key":"bibr24-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.052936"},{"key":"bibr25-1471301218773842","unstructured":"Holmerov\u00e1 I., Waugh A., MacRae R., Veprkov\u00e1 R., Sandvide A., Hanson E., Tolson D. (2016).\n                      Best Practice Statement\n                      (EU, Erasmus Plus, Palliare Project), 1, Glasgow: The University of West of Scotland."},{"key":"bibr26-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566"},{"key":"bibr27-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2013.0130"},{"key":"bibr28-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315605447"},{"key":"bibr29-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0536"},{"key":"bibr30-1471301218773842","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Aging families and caregiving","author":"Liu W.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr31-1471301218773842","unstructured":"Martins D., Carvalho I., Cordeiro N., Pinheira V. (2012).\n                      Validation of the Edmonton frail scale (EFS) to the Portuguese reality\n                      [Contributo para a valida\u00e7\u00e3o da Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton (EFS) para a realidade portuguesa]. 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(2017).\n                      Dementia\n                      (Fact sheet). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs362\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr71-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2012.692768"},{"key":"bibr72-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/20.6.649"},{"key":"bibr73-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.12.018"},{"key":"bibr74-1471301218773842","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692011000300003"}],"container-title":["Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1471301218773842","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1471301218773842","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1471301218773842","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:48:58Z","timestamp":1777398538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1471301218773842"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1471301218773842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301218773842","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-3012","1741-2684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-3012","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,2]]}}}