{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T01:58:52Z","timestamp":1755223132307,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The study presents the hydrodynamic performance and wave energy conversion of a hybrid floating breakwater under the framework of small amplitude linear wave theory. The hybrid floating breakwater is composed of a partially liquid-filled rectangular-box type tank with built-in buoys connected to a Power Take-Off (PTO) (linear inductance generator) and is excited under regular wave conditions for (a) constrained roll motion, and (b) constrained surge, heave, and roll motion. The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is employed with the assumption of modest sloshing in the tank of the hybrid floating breakwater to estimate the hydrodynamic efficiency of the hybrid floating breakwater. Further, the experimental investigation on the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) capabilities and the hydrodynamic coefficients (wave reflection and transmission coefficients) are estimated for the excitation frequencies corresponding to nondimensional wavenumber. The present study reveals that the hybrid concept improves wave attenuation performance by 20%\u201335% compared to conventional floating breakwaters by increasing wave attenuation, damping and stabilizing the wave transmission coefficient\n            <jats:inline-formula>\n              <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                <mml:mrow>\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:mrow>\n              <\/mml:math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            within\n            <jats:inline-formula>\n              <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                <mml:mrow>\n                  <mml:mn>0<\/mml:mn>\n                  <mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo>\n                  <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                  <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                  <mml:mn>0<\/mml:mn>\n                  <mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo>\n                  <mml:mn>6<\/mml:mn>\n                <\/mml:mrow>\n              <\/mml:math>\n            <\/jats:inline-formula>\n            . The experimental investigation shows that hybrid floating breakwater attaints its floating stability for the depth 15 \u2013 25% of partially filled fluid for which the proposed design as floating breakwater as well as WEC system is achieved for a wide range of excitation frequencies. Furthermore, the hybrid floating breakwater functions as a barrier which is noted to be capable of significantly attenuating incoming progressive waves below the predetermined threshold values of wave attenuation characteristics, in addition to converting wave energy.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14750902241300761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T05:42:45Z","timestamp":1735882965000},"page":"608-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrodynamic performance of a hybrid floating breakwater-wave energy conversion system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivakumar B","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-3201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debabrata","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Resources and Ocean Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marstruc.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.01.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2014.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.09.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.03.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-0321(02)00009-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hales LZ. Floating breakwaters: state-of-the-art literature review. Technical Report US Army Corps of Engineers Coastal Engineering Research Center Fort Belvoir VA USA 1981.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.47174"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-1187(92)90005-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-8018(93)E0009-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-8018(96)00044-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-8018(93)90021-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-8018(96)00024-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-8018(98)00056-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Analysis of responses of floating dual pontoon structure","volume":"21","author":"Weng WK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weng WK, Chou CR. Analysis of responses of floating dual pontoon structure. China Ocean Eng 2007; 21(1): 91\u2013104.","journal-title":"China Ocean Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2017.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-8018(03)00107-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2018.06.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13344-019-0011-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2015.06.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00773-019-00695-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8070522"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2022.112460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11030685"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-950X(1998)124:3(118)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-950X(2004)130:5(243)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221686.2005.9641234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2009.03.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Experimental study of a pile-restrained floating breakwater constructed of pontoon and plates","volume":"24","author":"Wang YX","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang YX, Dong HY, Liu C. Experimental study of a pile-restrained floating breakwater constructed of pontoon and plates. China Ocean Eng 2010; 24(1): 183\u2013190.","journal-title":"China Ocean Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.04.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.04.189"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2018.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en10050712"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1187(88)80032-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2021.102555"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2014.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.11.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfluidstructs.2022.103662"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12073401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","volume-title":"Introduction to fluid mechanics","author":"Fox RW","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fox RW, McDonald AT, Pritchard PJ. Introduction to fluid mechanics. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/2154"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-950X(1991)117:6(553)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijnaoe-2015-0041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnaoe.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1680\/aicsab.25097.0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2008.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.02.152"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2011.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8040255"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14750902241300761","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14750902241300761","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14750902241300761","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T12:25:27Z","timestamp":1754915127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14750902241300761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14750902241300761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14750902241300761","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-0902","2041-3084"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1475-0902"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2041-3084"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]}}}