{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:43:03Z","timestamp":1777941783227,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Structural Health Monitoring"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Westend Bridge is located on the A100 Highway in Berlin. An integrated continuous dynamic monitoring system, composed of 20 velocity sensors, 5 temperature sensors, 3 strain gauges, 2 inclination sensors and 1 crack sensor was implemented by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in 2000. The system runs continuously with occasional intermittence and leads to a huge amount of data over a 14-year span. In this article, variations of the strain, crack and inclination measurements during the last 14\u2009years are presented. It is noted that the observed crack and inclination of the bridge are strongly influenced by seasonal temperature variation. It further induces change in the relationship between the strains measured in both concrete and prestressed tendon. Application of k-means cluster analysis technique in both the crack and strain measurements can partition them into different seasonal phases by identifying \u2018turning points\u2019 that indicate annual periodical bridge change. In the period of these two \u2018turning points\u2019, a strong linear relation of the strains in two materials is observed. In the rest of the year, a nonlinear relationship between the strains recorded in both the concrete and the prestressed tendon is noted. The possible reason is the additional thermal load due to the change in temperature difference between the bridge\u2019s surface and soffit. Finally, a health index in a framework of regression model and process control theory is proposed by investigating the linear relationship between the strains in concrete and prestressed tendon. The tendency of the health index in the 14\u2009years may suggest the long-term bridge change during that time frame.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921717735505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T02:35:42Z","timestamp":1509417342000},"page":"1073-1094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Continuous dynamic monitoring of a prestressed concrete bridge based on strain, inclination and crack measurements over a 14-year span"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wei-Hua","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen, China"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rolf G","family":"Rohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Struktur Analyse & Bauwerks Monitoring (SABM) GbR, Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT\/ViBest, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ), Shenzhen, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921704047500"},{"key":"bibr2-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921710365419"},{"key":"bibr3-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1935"},{"key":"bibr4-1475921717735505","volume-title":"New trends in vibration based structural health monitoring","volume":"520","author":"Deraemaeker A","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2148","key":"bibr5-1475921717735505","first-page":"4098","volume":"468","author":"Cross E","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos T R Soc A"},{"key":"bibr6-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1928"},{"key":"bibr7-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921713502836"},{"key":"bibr8-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921715609801"},{"key":"bibr9-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921716650630"},{"key":"bibr10-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921716643948"},{"key":"bibr11-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2014.12.035"},{"key":"bibr12-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921716669722"},{"key":"bibr13-1475921717735505","unstructured":"Hu W-H, Rohrmann RG, Said S, et al. Structural health monitoring of a prestressed concrete bridge based on the continuous dynamic measurements over 14\u2009years, revised to Mechanical System and Signal Processing, under review."},{"key":"bibr14-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:8(1026)"},{"key":"bibr15-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2008.01.013"},{"key":"bibr16-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15732471003649585"},{"key":"bibr17-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2013.02.003"},{"key":"bibr18-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1937"},{"key":"bibr19-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/22\/10\/105014"},{"key":"bibr20-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2012.02.001"},{"key":"bibr21-1475921717735505","unstructured":"Rohrmann RG, Said S, Schmid W, et al. Ergebnisse der automatischen Daueruebearwachung an der Westendbruecke in Berlin\u2013Teil A&B, Research Report (in German), Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, Berlin, June, 1996."},{"key":"bibr22-1475921717735505","unstructured":"Rohrmann RG, Said S, Schmid W, et al. Ergebnisse der automatischen Daueruebearwachung an der Westendbruecke in Berlin\u2013Teil B&C, Research Report (in German), Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing, Berlin, July, 1998."},{"key":"bibr23-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1982.1056489"},{"key":"bibr24-1475921717735505","volume-title":"Data mining: concepts and techniques","author":"Han JW","year":"2011","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr25-1475921717735505","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/l92-112"},{"key":"bibr26-1475921717735505","first-page":"93","volume":"29","author":"Cooke N","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Prestress Concr Inst"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr27-1475921717735505","first-page":"36","volume":"6","author":"Thurston SJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"Concr Int"},{"key":"bibr28-1475921717735505","volume-title":"Introduction to linear regression analysis","author":"Montgomery DC","year":"2012","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr29-1475921717735505","unstructured":"Der Tagessiegel. 15 Bridges and tunnels are being renovated. Crumbling infrastructure in Berlin (in German), http:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/berlin\/marode-infrastruktur-in-berlin-15-bruecken-und-tunnel-werden-saniert\/11739522.html (accessed 6 May 2015)."}],"container-title":["Structural Health Monitoring"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1475921717735505","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1475921717735505","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1475921717735505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:33:42Z","timestamp":1777703622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1475921717735505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1475921717735505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1475921717735505","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-9217","1741-3168"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-9217","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3168","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]}}}