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However, without guidance, this search can be highly inefficient, and many interesting solutions may remain unexplored. This problem is mitigated with automated exploration methods. Still, the ones typically provided by generative design tools are mostly based on black-box methods that drastically reduce the role of the designer, while more straightforward white-box mechanisms are dispersedly found in specific applications. This paper proposes the Navigator tool, which gathers a set of white-box mechanisms that automate the generation of default, random, similar and hybrid designs and design subspaces, while also supporting the generation of design collections. The proposed mechanisms were tested with two generative systems that create, respectively, tower and chair designs. We expect that, by providing understandable mechanisms for navigating design spaces, designers can become more engaged in the search process. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14780771211073119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T08:01:31Z","timestamp":1647158491000},"page":"176-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Navigating Design Spaces: Finding Designs, Design Collections, and Design Subspaces"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7216-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14780771211073119","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Elements of Parametric design","author":"Sheikholeslami M","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr2-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matejka J, Glueck M, Bradner E, et al. Dream lens: exploration and visualization of large-scale generative design dataset. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference. 2018, Palais des Congr\u00e8s de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada, 21\u201326 April 2018.","DOI":"10.1145\/3173574.3173943"},{"key":"bibr3-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060406060057"},{"key":"bibr4-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/1478-0771.13.2.217"},{"key":"bibr5-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohiuddin A, Woodbury R. Interactive visualization for design dialog. In: Design Computing and Cognition \u201920. 2021, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA, 14\u201316 December 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-90625-2_29"},{"key":"bibr6-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060420000177"},{"key":"bibr7-14780771211073119","unstructured":"Autodesk. 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Grammar transformations: using composite grammars to understand hybridity in design, with an example from Medieval Islamic courtyard buildings. In: Learning from the Past a Foundation for the Future (Special publication of papers presented at the CAAD futures 2005 conference), Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 20\u201322 June 2005."},{"key":"bibr14-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060406060185"},{"key":"bibr15-14780771211073119","unstructured":"Garcia S, Rom\u00e3o L. Style and Type in a Generic Shape Grammar: The Case of Multipurpose Chairs. In: Complexity & Simplicity: Proceedings of the 34th eCAADe Conference, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 24\u201326 August 2016."},{"key":"bibr16-14780771211073119","unstructured":"Pereira I, Leit\u00e3o A. More is more: the no free lunch theorem in architecture. In: Imaginable Futures: Design Thinking, and the Scientific Method: Proceedings of the 54th International Conference of the Architectural Science Association (ANZAScA), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, 26\u201327 November 2020."},{"key":"bibr17-14780771211073119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leit\u00e3o A, Castelo-Branco R, Santos G. Game of renders: the use of game engines for architectural visualization. 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