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(UTPress)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Can Pharm J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacist-led interventions have demonstrated benefits across various medical conditions; however, their impact on atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unexplored. This study aims to synthesize the available evidence regarding the pharmacist\u2019s role in AF management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review with searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed (PROSPERO: CRD42025647848). Randomized and non-randomized trials, as well as cohort studies reporting clinical, process, and humanistic outcomes, were included. Findings were pooled through pairwise meta-analyses. Dichotomous outcomes were reported as risk ratios (RRs) and continuous variables as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The quality of the randomized and non-randomized studies was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools, respectively. Evidence was graded using the GRADE approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventeen studies (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911,428 participants) published between 2008 and 2024, predominantly as non-randomized trials\/cohorts (77%), were included. Pharmacist-led interventions varied widely in scope, including anticoagulation management services, medication therapy management, and prescribing. Meta-analyses showed that pharmacists improved time in therapeutic range (SMD 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13\u20130.56) and reduced major bleeding events (RR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61\u20130.95) and strokes (RR 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44\u20130.94) compared with usual care. Pharmacist care also increased appropriate prescription rates (RR 1.36, 95% CI, 1.18\u20131.56). No significant differences were found for other outcomes. Evidence was of low-to-moderate certainty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pharmacist-led interventions have been shown to improve certain clinical and process outcomes in AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High-quality randomized studies with well-defined interventions are still needed to better refine the pharmacist\u2019s role in AF care and to identify the most effective intervention in practice (see Graphical Abstract).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Can Pharm J (Ott)<\/jats:italic>\n                      2025;158:xx-xx.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635251365148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T15:25:46Z","timestamp":1756653946000},"page":"351-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The role of pharmacists in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3138","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-8608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda S.","family":"Tonin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Social and Legal Pharmacy Section, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ross T.","family":"Tsuyuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Fernandez-Llimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Garcia-Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Social and Legal Pharmacy Section, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Laufs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-7322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, ABDA\u2014Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists, Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"1696","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2022.101438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S47385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.153"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1739411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.19565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17151635211058160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.9973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018763519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"850","article-title":"The role of the pharmacist in a multi-disciplinary atrial fibrillation clinic","volume":"112","author":"McAuliffe C","year":"2019","unstructured":"McAuliffe C, Morrissey E, Vaughan M, Moore D, Collins R. 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