{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T14:13:21Z","timestamp":1777817601476,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Building Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>External thermal insulation composite systems are, nowadays, quite common in European buildings, used both in new constructions and refurbishment. Unfortunately, external thermal insulation composite systems can have serious problems of biological growth causing the cladding defacement. Studies carried out in recent years allowed understanding the hygrothermal behaviour of external thermal insulation composite systems. It is known that biological growth is due to high values of surface moisture content, which depends mostly on exterior surface condensation. Despite this existing knowledge, there is little information available about the influence of obstacles near the fa\u00e7ade on condensation and surface moisture content. In this article, the results of a field test campaign to assess the influence of obstacles on surface condensation are presented. They show that nearby obstacles influence exterior surface temperature during the night and, consequently, surface condensation. Different obstacle configurations have different effects, which may lead to stained patterns on the fa\u00e7ade due to differential biological growth rates. The effect of nearby obstacles on exterior surface condensation, revealed during the test campaign, addressed the development of a numerical routine to simulate their influence. This routine can be used with any existing hygrothermal model with the ability to simulate explicitly the radiative balance on the exterior surface. It calculates the increase in long-wave radiation due to the obstacle as a function of its geometry and emissivity of its surface. This extra amount of radiation is added to the atmospheric radiation that is an input of the hygrothermal models. The validation of this routine was performed by comparing simulated and experimental results. An example of the practical use of this routine is also presented in this article, with the calculation of the exterior surface condensation on different fa\u00e7ades covered with external thermal insulation composite systems, with and without nearby obstacles, and its comparison with the coating defacement that they actually present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1744259113480132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1363129422000},"page":"269-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The effect of nearby obstacles in surface condensations on external thermal insulation composite systems: Experimental and numerical study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Barreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto \u2013 Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Laboratory of Building Physics, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Vasco P","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Porto \u2013 Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Laboratory of Building Physics, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2006.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Biological defacement of fa\u00e7ades covered with external thermal insulation systems due to hygrothermal behaviour","author":"Barreira E","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barreira E (2010) Biological defacement of fa\u00e7ades covered with external thermal insulation systems due to hygrothermal behaviour. PhD Thesis, University of Porto \u2013 Faculty of Engineering, Portugal (in Portuguese)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19401493.2011.560685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barreira E Freitas VP (2013) Experimental study of the hygrothermal behaviour of External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS). Building and Environment. Epub ahead of print 9 February 2013. Available at: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2013.02.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2013.02.001"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Patterned staining of rendered facades: hygro-thermal analysis as a means for diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Becker R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Becker R (2003) Patterned staining of rendered facades: hygro-thermal analysis as a means for diagnosis. 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Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Performance prediction for masonry walls with EIFS using calculation procedures and laboratory testing","volume":"25","author":"Hens H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hens H, Carmeliet J (2002) Performance prediction for masonry walls with EIFS using calculation procedures and laboratory testing. Journal of Building Physics 25(3): 167\u2013187.","journal-title":"Journal of Building Physics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of performance of exterior envelopes of whole buildings IX, ASHRAE","author":"Holm A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holm A, Zillig W, Kunzel H (2004) Exterior surface temperature and humidity of walls \u2013 comparison of experiment and numerical simulation. In: Proceedings of performance of exterior envelopes of whole buildings IX, ASHRAE, Clearwater, FL, 5\u201310 December 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Howell J (1982) A Catalog of Radiation Heat Transfer Configuration Factors. Austin TX: The University of Texas at Austin. Available at: http:\/\/www.me.utexas.edu\/\u223chowell\/index.html (accessed 25 January 2010)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","first-page":"329","volume-title":"Proceedings of third international building physics conference \u2013 research in building physics and building engineering","author":"Krus M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krus M, Rosler D, Sedlbauer K (2006) New model for the hygrothermal calculation of condensate on the external building surface. In: Proceedings of third international building physics conference \u2013 research in building physics and building engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 27\u201331 August. London, UK: Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 329\u2013333."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of performance of exterior envelopes of whole buildings VIII: integration of building envelopes, ASHRAE","author":"Kunzel H","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kunzel H, Sedlbauer K (2001) Biological growth on stucco. In: Proceedings of performance of exterior envelopes of whole buildings VIII: integration of building envelopes, ASHRAE, Clearwater, FL, 2\u20137 December 2001."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"441","volume-title":"Proceedings of 11th symposium of building physics","volume":"1","author":"Kunzel H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kunzel H, Schmidt Th, Holm A (2002) Exterior surface temperature of different wall constructions \u2013 comparison of numerical simulation and experiment. In: Proceedings of 11th symposium of building physics, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany, 26\u201330 September 2002, vol. 1. Dresden, Germany: Eigenverlag der TU Dresden, pp. 441\u2013449."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Mold growth on ETICS (EIFS) as a result of \u2018bad workmanship\u2019?","volume":"26","author":"Sedlbauer K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sedlbauer K, Krus M (2002) Mold growth on ETICS (EIFS) as a result of \u2018bad workmanship\u2019? Journal of Building Physics 26(2): 117\u2013121.","journal-title":"Journal of Building Physics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Proceedings of 8th symposium on building physics in the Nordic countries","volume":"1","author":"Venzmer H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Venzmer H, von Werder J, Lesnych N, . (2008) Algal defacement of fa\u00e7ade materials \u2013 results of long term natural weathering tests obtained by new diagnostic tools. In: Proceedings of 8th symposium on building physics in the Nordic countries, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark, 16\u201318 June 2008, vol. 1. DTU Byg Report R-189, Lyngby, Denmark, pp. 277\u2013284."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-0618(03)00025-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on building physics \u2013 Research in building physics","author":"Zillig W","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zillig W, Lenz K, Krus M (2003) Condensation on fa\u00e7ades \u2013 influence of construction type and orientation. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on building physics \u2013 Research in building physics, 14\u201318 September 2003, Antwerp, Belgium. The Netherlands: AA Balkema, pp. 437\u2013444."}],"container-title":["Journal of Building Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1744259113480132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1744259113480132","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1744259113480132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:22:20Z","timestamp":1777497740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1744259113480132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1744259113480132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1744259113480132","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-2591","1744-2583"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-2591","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-2583","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]]}}}