{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:49:10Z","timestamp":1772812150084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Sports Science &amp; Coaching"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p> Coaches' motivation is central to their coaching, however, few studies have examined coaches' motivation in different cultures. The aim of this study was to provide initial validation of the Portuguese version of the Coach Motivation Questionnaire. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p> The participants were 369 coaches from various sports (males\u2009=\u2009288) aged between 18 and 67 years old (M\u2009=\u200932.4, SD\u2009=\u200911.04). Confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant and nomological validity, and invariance across gender, team\/individual sports and coaching experience were analysed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The hypothesised six-factor structure obtained acceptable values with the following robust adjustment indices: RTLI\u2009=\u2009.902; RCFI\u2009=\u2009.921; RGFI\u2009=\u2009.904 and RRMSEA (90% CI)\u2009=\u2009.066 (.058\u2013.074). The amended model also showed high factor weights (\u03bb\u2009\u2265\u2009.500) and appropriate individual reliabilities (\u03bb<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2265\u2009.25). The instrument's internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha (.646\u2013.898) and composite reliability (.662\u2013.900). Regarding discriminant validity, correlations among the factors were in general according to the hypothesised patterns, where closer factors were positively related and not close factors were less strongly related. Regarding nomological validity, results supported for the hypothesised relationships through the associations with measures of motivation at work, need satisfaction and need frustration. Lastly, the measurement model met configural and metric invariance across gender and coaching experience and also met configural invariance across team\/individual sports. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> The evidence from this study suggests that the Portuguese Coach Motivation Questionnaire is a promising and parsimonious questionnaire to assess coaches' motivation, albeit its development remains a work in progress. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1747954118756047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]],"date-time":"2018-01-30T13:17:13Z","timestamp":1517318233000},"page":"649-657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preliminary development of the Portuguese Coach Motivation Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5071-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Jorge","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Lus\u00f3fona of Humanidades and Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Clifford J","family":"Mallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Palmeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University Lus\u00f3fona of Humanidades and Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17408989.2010.535201"},{"key":"bibr2-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9781718206632.0007"},{"key":"bibr3-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0264041031000140374"},{"key":"bibr4-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.34.2.184"},{"key":"bibr5-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(85)90023-6"},{"key":"bibr6-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1469-0292(02)00043-2"},{"key":"bibr7-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.5.2.291"},{"key":"bibr8-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17509840903235330"},{"key":"bibr9-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1091367X.2014.943841"},{"key":"bibr10-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167200266002"},{"key":"bibr11-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.34.4.481"},{"key":"bibr12-1747954118756047","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"Guzm\u00e1n JF","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Mov"},{"key":"bibr13-1747954118756047","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Rocchi M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci"},{"key":"bibr14-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2015.1125994","volume":"87","author":"Zepp C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"bibr15-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164409355698"},{"key":"bibr16-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1069072707305764"},{"key":"bibr17-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2016.12.001"},{"key":"bibr18-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-0854.2012.01067.x"},{"key":"bibr19-1747954118756047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-014-9450-1"},{"key":"bibr20-1747954118756047","first-page":"129","volume":"2","author":"Mu\u00f1iz J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metodolog\u00eda de las Ciencias del Comportamiento"},{"key":"bibr21-1747954118756047","unstructured":"Brislin RW. 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