{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:10:08Z","timestamp":1770451808791,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Analysis of the physical, technical and physiological variations induced through the use of different soccer game formats have been widely discussed. However, the coaching justification for the specific use of certain game formats based on individual and collective spatial awareness is unclear. As a result, the purpose of this study was to analyze 11 versus 11 game formats conducted across two pitch sizes (half-size: 54\u2009m\u2009\u00d7\u200968\u2009m vs full-size: 108\u2009m\u2009\u00d7\u200968\u2009m) to identify effects of time\u2013motion profiles, individual exploration behavior and collective organization. A total of 10 amateur soccer players from the same team (23.39\u2009\u00b1\u20093.91\u2009years old) participated in this study. Data position of the players was used to calculate the spatial exploration index and the surface area. Distances covered in different speeds were used to observe the time\u2013motion profile. The full-size pitch dimensions significantly contributed to greater distances covered via running (3.86\u20135.52\u2009m\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and sprinting (&gt;5.52\u2009m\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Total distance and number of sprints were also significantly greater in the full-size pitch as compared to the half-size pitch. The surface area covered by the team (half-size pitch: 431.83\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> vs full-size pitch: 589.14\u2009m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was significantly larger in the full-size pitch condition. However, the reduced half-size pitch significantly contributed to a greater individual spatial exploration. Results of this study suggest that running and sprinting activities increase when large, full-size pitch dimensions are utilized. Smaller surface area half-size pitch contributes to a better exploration of the pitch measured by spatial exploration index while maintaining adequate surface area coverage by the team. In conclusion, the authors suggest that the small half-size pitch is more appropriate for low-intensity training sessions and field exploration for players in different positions. Alternatively, the large full-size pitch is more appropriate for greater physically demanding training sessions with players focused on positional tactical behavior. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1754337117722658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T06:23:01Z","timestamp":1502173381000},"page":"160-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The effects of large-sided soccer training games and pitch size manipulation on time\u2013motion profile, spatial exploration and surface area: Tactical opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Melga\u00e7o, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BenficaLab, Sport Lisboa e Benfica Sport Science Department, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Innovation sur le Sport, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Serra-Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile"}]},{"given":"Ac\u00e1cio","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Bernardo Sequeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Frutuoso GM","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando Manuel Louren\u00e7o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Delega\u00e7\u00e3o da Covilh\u00e3, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, IIA, RoboCorp, ASSERT, Coimbra, 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