{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T08:50:58Z","timestamp":1758271858317,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social network analysis (SNA) has been increasingly applied to performance analytics in team sports, seeking to better understand the dynamic properties of competitive interactions. Despite considerable potential to analyze individual (micro) and team (macro) behavioral patterns of play, there are important limitations that can undermine the potential applicability of SNA. One important limitation in existing research is the lack of network analyses of defensive interactions, curtailing understanding of the functionality and adaptability of teams during competitive performance. This study developed an innovative network method for assessing interactions between players in defensive phases of play in football. The networking method was evaluated using a small-sided and conditioned game (SSCG; GK+7v7+GK) of 20\u2009min duration (two halves of 10\u2009min each, interspersed by 5\u2009min intervals of active recovery). The method traced interactions between groups of three players (effective defensive triangulations) as network nodes, weighted according to the number of passes performed by the attacking players. Results showed how this social network analysis method may provide researchers, coaches and performance analysts with relevant information regarding the functional properties of teams in the defensive phase of the game. For instance, coaches and performance analysts can evaluate the geometry of a team\u2019s defense, with players engaged in effective triangular-shaped positioning, that allowed them to provide defensive cover and balance, to protect the goal and recover ball possession.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17543371221141584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T09:26:05Z","timestamp":1671009965000},"page":"412-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of an innovative method for evaluating a network of collective defensive interactions in football"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8522-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Lus\u00f3fona do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Internacional de Doutoramento, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Espanha"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-378X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Lus\u00f3fona do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIFI2D, Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Micael","family":"Couceiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingeniarius, Ltd., Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport &amp; Human Performance Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK"}]},{"given":"J\u00falio","family":"Garganta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIFI2D, Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Marques-Aleixo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Lus\u00f3fona do Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior da Maia, Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Desporto, Educa\u00e7\u00e3o F\u00edsica e Exerc\u00edcio e Sa\u00fade (CIDEFES), Lus\u00f3fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2473-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sixto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-V\u00edllora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n, Departamento de Did\u00e1ctica de la Educaci\u00f3n F\u00edsica, Art\u00edstica y M\u00fasica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1091367X.2010.495559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of psychology","author":"Wellman B","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wellman B, Wasserman S. 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