{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T05:56:32Z","timestamp":1761630992846,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese IBD Study Group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therap Adv Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess composite and aggregate outcomes of observational studies in Crohn\u2019s disease and to evaluate whether the number and type of variables included affect the frequency of the outcome. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> MEDLINE [via PubMed], Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify observational studies that enrolled patients with Crohn\u2019s disease and evaluated a composite or aggregate outcome. The proportion of patients achieving the outcome was determined and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to evaluate how the frequency of each outcome varies according to the reporting of predefined variables. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> From 10,257 identified records, 46 were included in the qualitative analysis and 38 in the meta-analysis. The frequency for composite and aggregate outcomes was 0.445 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.389\u20130.501] and 0.140 (95% CI: 0.000\u20130.211), respectively. When comparing composite outcomes by number of included variables, the frequency was 0.271 (95% CI: 0.000\u20130.405) and 0.698 (95% CI: 0.651\u20130.746), for one and six variables, respectively. The frequency of the composite outcome varied according to the identity of the variables being reported. Specific pairs of predefined variables had a significant effect in the frequency of composite outcomes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Composite outcomes with increasing number of predefined variables show an increase in frequency. Outcomes including variables such as \u2018Surgery\u2019 and \u2018Steroids\u2019 had higher frequencies when compared with the ones that did not include these variables. These results show that the frequency of composite outcomes is dependent on the number and type of variables being reported. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848221092754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T21:02:48Z","timestamp":1652907768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Composite outcomes in observational studies of Crohn\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Magro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Sottomayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ministro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Tondela-Viseu Hospital Centre, Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Santo Ant\u00f3nio University Hospital Center (CHUPorto), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Lisbon North Hospital Centre, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Santo Ant\u00f3nio dos Capuchos Hospital at Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Portela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Camila","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Dignass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Danese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (IRCCS), Milan, Italy"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Peyrin-Biroulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm NGERE U1256, University Hospital of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Estevinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Le\u00e3o Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr1-17562848221092754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.01.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr2-17562848221092754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.10.020"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr3-17562848221092754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.034"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"bibr4-17562848221092754","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33703-6"},{"unstructured":"Higgins G. 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