{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:11:40Z","timestamp":1770905500302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therap Adv Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) arise from a dysregulation of the balance between commensal microbiota and mucosal-associated immune system, in patients with genetic and environmental predisposition. Different pathophysiological mechanisms have been reported to influence disease history, with impact on disease phenotype and risk of complications. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This review aims to summarize the definitions of early CD and UC, analyze the underlying immunological mechanisms, and evaluate the impact of recognizing and treating early inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on patients\u2019 prognosis (short- and long-term outcomes). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To address this issue, we have performed a scoping review. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources and methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Three online databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) were searched and the results were independently screened by two reviewers. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> From 683 records identified, 42 manuscripts evaluating early IBD in adult patients were included. The \u2018early CD\u2019 concept was first described in 2008. Four years later, an international consensus proposed the definition of diagnosis up to 18\u2009months, in patients without previous or current need for disease-modifying therapies. Several other definitions have been proposed; the \u20182\u2009years since diagnosis\u2019 is the most used, regardless of disease characteristics or medication. The amount of evidence on early UC is lower and more recent. Regarding early disease pathogenesis, most theories emphasize the prominent role of innate immunity, followed by early-Th1 adaptive response. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The treatment of early CD seems to be crucial for the management of CD patients, impacting short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes. On the other hand, the early treatment of UC appears to be less advantageous, yet evidence comes from only a few retrospective studies. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848221142673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T13:28:07Z","timestamp":1671456487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A scoping review on early inflammatory bowel disease: definitions, pathogenesis, and impact on clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Estevinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Le\u00e3o Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Farmacologia Cl\u00ednica, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Farmacologia Cl\u00ednica, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Laranjeira Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mafalda","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Group of Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Grupo de Estudos da Doen\u00e7a Inflamat\u00f3ria Intestinal - GEDII), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 3, Porto 4200-450, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Farmacologia Cl\u00ednica, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.023"},{"key":"bibr2-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082646"},{"key":"bibr3-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000338129"},{"key":"bibr4-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4298-8"},{"key":"bibr5-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619887316"},{"key":"bibr6-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"bibr7-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60304-9"},{"key":"bibr8-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904492"},{"key":"bibr9-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.187120"},{"key":"bibr10-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.117"},{"key":"bibr11-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024222"},{"key":"bibr12-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.04.021"},{"key":"bibr13-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.78"},{"key":"bibr14-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.05.015"},{"key":"bibr15-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.06.019"},{"key":"bibr16-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371655"},{"key":"bibr17-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13363"},{"key":"bibr18-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000679"},{"key":"bibr19-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw060"},{"key":"bibr20-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32641-7"},{"key":"bibr21-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177479"},{"key":"bibr22-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.12.040"},{"key":"bibr23-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz057"},{"key":"bibr24-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz008"},{"key":"bibr25-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.03.039"},{"key":"bibr26-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.037"},{"key":"bibr27-17562848221142673","first-page":"445","volume":"11","author":"Dias CC","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"bibr28-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.202101"},{"key":"bibr29-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy223"},{"key":"bibr30-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.09.056"},{"key":"bibr31-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2011.5.1.37"},{"key":"bibr32-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22925"},{"key":"bibr33-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.448"},{"key":"bibr34-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.11.024"},{"key":"bibr35-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2014.01.012"},{"key":"bibr36-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000225"},{"key":"bibr37-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv130"},{"key":"bibr38-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13139"},{"key":"bibr39-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00068-9"},{"key":"bibr40-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01575-7"},{"key":"bibr41-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2020.001"},{"key":"bibr42-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(01)00009-7"},{"key":"bibr43-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz276"},{"key":"bibr44-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2020.61.5.382"},{"key":"bibr45-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.02.021"},{"key":"bibr46-17562848221142673","unstructured":"Register ECT. SPRINT, https:\/\/www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/trial\/2020-003420-16\/ES2022 (2022, accessed 20 July 2022)."},{"key":"bibr47-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.07.168"},{"key":"bibr48-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002101"},{"key":"bibr49-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ueg2.12288"},{"key":"bibr50-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.345"},{"key":"bibr51-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000474"},{"key":"bibr52-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054562"},{"key":"bibr53-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314519"},{"key":"bibr54-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz007"},{"key":"bibr55-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz072"},{"key":"bibr56-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020400"},{"key":"bibr57-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.103017"},{"key":"bibr58-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2018.1486411"},{"key":"bibr59-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac076."},{"key":"bibr60-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17852"},{"key":"bibr61-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.026"},{"key":"bibr62-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353374"},{"key":"bibr63-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15288"},{"key":"bibr64-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjac021"},{"key":"bibr65-17562848221142673","first-page":"261","volume":"11","author":"Kopylov U","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Crohn\u2019s Colitis"},{"key":"bibr66-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.05.049"},{"key":"bibr67-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjab232.357"},{"key":"bibr68-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.02.041"},{"key":"bibr69-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000463"},{"key":"bibr70-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000930"},{"key":"bibr71-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjv080"},{"key":"bibr72-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5434-4"},{"key":"bibr73-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15681"},{"key":"bibr74-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.001"},{"key":"bibr75-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.06.069"},{"key":"bibr76-17562848221142673","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.017"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562848221142673","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17562848221142673","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562848221142673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T02:47:06Z","timestamp":1741056426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17562848221142673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17562848221142673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562848221142673","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-2848","1756-2848"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-2848","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-2848","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"17562848221142673"}}