{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:44:50Z","timestamp":1751975090331,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,1]],"date-time":"2011-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glob Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> School programs are defined to promote the health of the pupils and to develop their competencies so that they can adopt behaviors favorable to their health. With the European project FP6 Biohead-Citizen (2004\u20132007), we analyzed the conceptions of teachers as regards health education, in France, Lebanon, Morocco and Tunisia, in reference to the biomedical model and the social health model. These four countries were selected because their school curricula represented different models of health education. Lebanon and Tunisia addressed health education with the biomedical model. In Morocco, the curriculum was also primarily based on the biomedical model and enclosed a few instructions issued from the social health model. In France, the health education curriculum declared an approach based on the health promotion model. Our study was based on multivariate statistical analyses of questionnaires filled out by 2537 in-service and pre-service teachers. Our analysis showed that the conceptions of the teachers concerning health education were not structured and related to a specific model. We also found that the dominating factors of influence on the choices expressed with regards to health education were, among different sociocultural variables, the religion, the home country, and, to a lesser extent, the level of training. Thus, the conceptions of the teachers were not integrated into comprehensive approaches but related to individual characteristics. Consequently health education implementation would require thorough training for pre-service and in-service teachers and should also explicitly take into account their conceptions and values. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975911422962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]],"date-time":"2011-12-15T11:31:02Z","timestamp":1323948662000},"page":"5-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In search of a health education model: teachers\u2019 conceptions in four Mediterranean countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Claude","family":"Caussidier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRDEF, EA 3749, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 2, France"}]},{"given":"Fadi El","family":"Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Saint-Joseph, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de l\u2019Education, Beyrouth, Lebanon"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 2, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Latifa","family":"Remki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education Nationale, Algiers, Algeria"}]},{"given":"Rym","family":"Larribi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Bizerte, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"Salah-Eddine","family":"Khzami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, Marrakech, Morocco"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 4289, PAEDI IUFM d\u2019Auvergne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, France"}]},{"given":"Gra\u00e7a S.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIBEC-CIFPEC IEC, University do Minho, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRDEF, EA 3749, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 2, France"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1757975911422962","unstructured":"WHO. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. First International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa [Internet]. 1986 [cited 2009 Dec 4]. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/hpr\/NPH\/docs\/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1987.tb03183.x"},{"key":"bibr3-1757975911422962","first-page":"545","volume-title":"The comprehensive school health challenge: promoting health through education","volume":"2","author":"Gold M","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr4-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/09654280010330900"},{"key":"bibr5-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.847460"},{"key":"bibr6-1757975911422962","unstructured":"Naidoo J, Wills J. Practicing health promotion: dilemmas and challenges. London: Bailli\u00e8re Tindall; 1998."},{"volume-title":"Promoting Health: Knowledge and Practice","year":"2000","author":"Katz J","key":"bibr7-1757975911422962"},{"key":"bibr8-1757975911422962","unstructured":"Carvalho GS, Cl\u00e9ment P, Bogner F. Biology, Health and Environmental Education for Better Citizenship. STREP CIT-CT-2004-506015, E.C., Brussels, FP6, Priority 7 [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2009 Dec 17]. Available from: http:\/\/projectos.iec.uminho.pt\/projeuropa\/"},{"volume-title":"Curricula d\u2019enseignements g\u00e9n\u00e9raux","year":"1997","author":"Centre national de recherche et du d\u00e9veloppement p\u00e9dagogique (CNRDP) et Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9ducation nationale de la jeunesse et du sport","key":"bibr9-1757975911422962"},{"key":"bibr10-1757975911422962","unstructured":"Programmes officiels tunisiens de sciences de la vie et de la terre. D\u00e9cret n\u00b0 93-670; Mars 1993."},{"key":"bibr11-1757975911422962","unstructured":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education nationale. Livre blanc de la charte nationale de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et de la formation. Rabat, Maroc; 1999."},{"key":"bibr12-1757975911422962","unstructured":"Bulletin Officiel du minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education nationale et du minist\u00e8re de la Recherche. Circulaire n\u00b0 2001-012 du 12-1-2001. France; 2001."},{"volume-title":"Health Promotion: Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity","year":"2001","author":"Tones K","key":"bibr13-1757975911422962"},{"key":"bibr14-1757975911422962","unstructured":"European Council. Resolution n\u00b0 41989X0105. Meeting of the European Council and the Ministers of Education the Council of 23 November 1988 concerning health education in schools [Internet]. 1988 [cited 2010 January 28]. 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Available from: http:\/\/www.esera2009.org\/books\/Book3_CSER_Intl_Pers.pdf"},{"volume-title":"Les valeurs explicites et implicites dans la formation des enseignants","year":"2008","author":"Favre D","key":"bibr19-1757975911422962"},{"key":"bibr20-1757975911422962","unstructured":"Jourdan D. Du travail en classe \u00e0 la vie collective dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement: \u00e9duquer \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui. Bulletindu CRIFPE. Dossier L\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 (Turcotte S, Desbiens JF eds) [Internet]. 2009; 16: 24\u201328. [cited 2010 March 2]; Available from: www.crifpe.ca\/download\/verify\/708"},{"key":"bibr21-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1025382307088096"},{"key":"bibr22-1757975911422962","first-page":"39","volume":"1","author":"Perrot M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Promot Educ"},{"key":"bibr23-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/17.1.1"},{"key":"bibr24-1757975911422962","volume-title":"\u00c9ducation et sociologie","author":"Durkheim E","year":"1966","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr25-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3917\/dbu.favre.2008.01.0091","volume-title":"Les valeurs explicites et implicites dans la formation des enseignants","author":"Reynaud C","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr26-1757975911422962","first-page":"483","volume":"116","author":"Wood DN","year":"1996","journal-title":"Education"},{"key":"bibr27-1757975911422962","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2001.tb07327.x"}],"container-title":["Global Health Promotion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1757975911422962","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1757975911422962","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1757975911422962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T01:49:54Z","timestamp":1740966594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1757975911422962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1757975911422962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1757975911422962","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-9759","1757-9767"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1757-9759"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1757-9767"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}