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Genomic instability, central to breast cancer development, makes DNA damage a potential biomarker for these purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of DNA damage for diagnosis, and treatment monitoring in breast cancer, with CA 15-3, a conventional cancer biomarker, included for comparison to assess the added value of DNA damage measurement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA damage was measured in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 58 breast cancer patients, and 31 healthy controls, employing comet assay, both before and after treatment. Serum CA 15-3 levels were assessed at the same time points for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DNA damage levels were significantly higher in cancer patients compared to healthy controls, with the most elevated levels observed in patients with advanced-stage disease, irrespective of age, sex, lifestyle, or genetic status. Post-treatment assessments showed a significant rise in DNA damage. In comparison, CA 15-3 showed less consistent relevance for diagnostic and monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the greater potential of DNA damage as a consistent and reliable biomarker for breast cancer, with CA 15-3 providing complementary but less consistent data for clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/18758592241308748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T04:52:43Z","timestamp":1742446363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes as a dual biomarker: Diagnostic and treatment response in woman breast cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4705-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Guedes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV) and Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA) and Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1447-2872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Pinto","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Sports, Health, and Human Development (CIDES), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2287-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Health Unit of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia Maria","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA) and Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4461-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Gaiv\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV) and Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60534"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jms.2012.012083"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on methods for diagnosis of breast cancer cells and tissues","volume":"53","author":"He Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"He Z, Chen Z, Tan M, et al. 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