{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:34:22Z","timestamp":1774445662263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Psychological and Personality Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The assumption that people favor ingroups and disfavor outgroups is based largely on theory and research from Western countries. However, groups subjected to economic exploitation and inequality might come to favor more advantaged outgroups. The present large-scale study (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12,339) involving 45 non-Western countries explored ingroup stereotypes and stereotypes of relatively advantaged and disadvantaged outgroups (Western Europeans and Western Africans, respectively) and their relation to macroeconomic conditions. Compared with their national ingroup, participants stereotyped advantaged outgroups as more competent (exhibiting outgroup favoritism) but less warm; they stereotyped disadvantaged outgroups as less competent but neither more nor less warm. Nationals of poorer and more exploited countries exhibited stronger outgroup favoritism on competence and stronger ingroup favoritism on warmth. This work provides preliminary evidence for the structural origins of national stereotypes: macroeconomic inequalities can override habitual ingroup favoritism and lead national groups to exhibit outgroup favoritism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/19485506251370424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T08:54:51Z","timestamp":1757580891000},"page":"492-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Macro-Economic Inequality and National Stereotypes in 45 Non-Western Countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7528-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vuka\u0161in","family":"Gligori\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Jost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University, New York, USA"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Mi\u0107anovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Odeta","family":"Tase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3864-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson","family":"Ara\u00fajo Do B\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Ar\u00e9valo-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias e Investigaci\u00f3n, Santiago, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0226-2288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa","family":"Balabanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Trent University, UK"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Baracaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de La Sabana, Cundinamarca, Colombia*"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Bas\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State Polytechnic University Pomona, USA"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"\u00c7akmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, K\u00f6tekli, T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Capella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay"}]},{"given":"Tzu Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taipei University of Education"}]},{"given":"Lameese","family":"Eldesouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The American University in Cairo, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Emir","family":"Erhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Tengku Nila","family":"Fadhlia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Farahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Far\u00edas-Yapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Panamericana, Mexico City, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Md. 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