{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:11:23Z","timestamp":1773277883341,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/151442\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/151442\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Wood Products Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The wood of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Albizia glaberrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    demonstrates favourable attributes for nailing, screwing, and gluing. It exhibits moderate durability and resistance to termites though it is susceptible to specific borers. A comprehensive research initiative was undertaken to increase its suitability for structural purposes. The research encompassed non-destructive and destructive testing methodologies to evaluate mechanical properties, including bending and tension characteristics, while also assessing physical properties such as density and moisture content. The results of this study unveiled that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. glaberrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    possesses a relatively light density, averaging at 530\u2005kg\/m\u00b3. The dynamic elasticity module (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>din<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) exhibited a range between 10,315\u2005N\/mm\u00b2 and 13,662\u2005N\/mm\u00b2, contingent on the specific non-destructive method employed. Bending strength (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      f\n                      <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was determined to be 63\u2005N\/mm\u00b2, while tensile strength (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      f\n                      <jats:sub>t,0<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) measured at 56\u2005N\/mm\u00b2. The local and global values of the elastic modules in bending (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>m,l<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>m,g<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were established as 14,487\u2005N\/mm\u00b2 and 10,270\u2005N\/mm\u00b2, respectively, whereas the corresponding value for tension (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      E\n                      <jats:sub>t,0<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) recorded a value of 14,412\u2005N\/mm\u00b2. These findings substantiate the inherent potential of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Albizia glaberrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    wood for structural applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20426445251404092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T16:21:52Z","timestamp":1765902112000},"page":"45-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical property analysis of\n                    <i>Albizia Glaberrima<\/i>\n                    wood using non-destructive and destructive methods"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiuba","family":"Suleimana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho, ISISE"},{"name":"Rural Engineering Department, L\u00fario University, Sanga, Mozambique"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3976-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge M.","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho, ISISE"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9677-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aires","family":"Cam\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Fern K Fern A Richard Morris RM. Useful Tropical Plants - Albizia glaberrima. Retrieved September 15 2023 from https:\/\/rb.gy\/dy9rj. 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Lemmens RHMJ. 2007. Albizia glaberrima (Schumach. & Thonn.) Benth. Record from PROTA4U. Retrieved September 16 2025 from https:\/\/prota.prota4u.org\/protav8.asp?g=pe&p=Albizia glaberrima. 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Tropical Timber Atlas: Technological characteristics and uses (Editions Q)","author":"Gerard J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerard J, Guibal D, Paradis S, et al. Tropical Timber Atlas: Technological characteristics and uses (Editions Q). Paris: ITTO, 2017, Retrieved from https:\/\/www.itto.int\/files\/itto_project_db_input\/3028\/Technical\/E-TMT-SDP-010-12-R1-M-Tropical Timber Atlas.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). The IUCN Red list of threatened species. 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","volume-title":"Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya - Technichal Handbook No. 35","author":"Maundu PM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maundu PM, Tengn\u00e4s B. Useful Trees and Shrubs for Kenya - Technichal Handbook No. 35. Noirobi, Kenya: World Agroforesty Center- ICRAF-ECA, 2005, Retrieved from https:\/\/rb.gy\/gjhrg."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1269097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3125385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/palb\/288\/2012\/161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Strength classification of some selected African hardwood species following the BS 5756 (2007), BS 373 (1957), and BS 5268 code","volume":"5756","author":"Folorunsho AB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Folorunsho AB, Olawale A. Strength classification of some selected African hardwood species following the BS 5756 (2007), BS 373 (1957), and BS 5268 code. Nigerian Res J Eng Environ Sci 2022; 5756: 10.","journal-title":"Nigerian Res J Eng Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"British Standards Institution. BS 5756 Visual grading of hardwood \u2013 Specification. British Standards Institute. London: British Standards Institution. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"British Standards Institution. BS-373 Method of Testing small Clear Specimens of Timber. British Standards Institute. London: British Standards Institution. 1957."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"British Standards Institution. BS-5268-2 Structural use of timber. Code of practice for permissible stress design materials and workmanship. British Standard. London: British Standards Institution. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"450","article-title":"Strength properties of selected Uganda timbers","volume":"1","author":"Zziwa A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zziwa A, Ziraba YN, Mwakali JA. Strength properties of selected Uganda timbers. Second Int Conf Adv Eng Technol Strength 2010; 1: 450\u2013456. Retrieved from https:\/\/rb.gy\/0b4lb.","journal-title":"Second Int Conf Adv Eng Technol Strength"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.11.2.5155-5168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Comparative ultrasound performance in the non-destructive evaluation of Chestnut timber","volume":"14","author":"Oliveira M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oliveira M, Minho U, Branco JM. Comparative ultrasound performance in the non-destructive evaluation of Chestnut timber. Portuguese J Struct Eng Series II 2015; 14: 31\u201343. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/275408941%0AAn\u00e1lise.","journal-title":"Portuguese J Struct Eng Series II"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12953\/2177-6830.v01n02a04"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10921-017-0401-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM D 6874-03. New York United State of America: American Society for Testing and Materials. 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"136","article-title":"Use of non-destructive methods for simplified characterization of Wood Cumaru (Dipteryx Odorata Willd)","volume":"15","author":"Paula MHD","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paula MHD, Rossi R, Mesquita SD, et al. Use of non-destructive methods for simplified characterization of Wood Cumaru (Dipteryx Odorata Willd). Biodiversidade 2016; 15: 136\u2013149.","journal-title":"Biodiversidade"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-002-0138-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CEN. EN 408 Timber structures - Structural timber and glued laminated timber - Determination of some physical and mechanical properties. European Committee for Standardization. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35633\/inmateh-68-32. 2003.","DOI":"10.35633\/inmateh-68-32"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"CEN. EN 408 Timber structures - Structural timber and glued laminated timber - Determination of some physical and mechanical properties. National Standards Authority of Ireland. 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM D 198 Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes 1. West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959 United States of America: American Society for Testing and Materials. 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"ISO 3129. Wood \u2014 Sampling methods and general requirements for physical and mechanical testing of small clear wood specimens. International Standard Organization. CH-1211 Geneva 20: International Standard Organization. Retrieved from www.iso.org. 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"CEN. EN 13183-1Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber - Determination by oven dry method. CEN. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"ISO 3130. Wood-Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. International Standard Organization. Switzerland: International Standard Organization. 1975."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","unstructured":"NI. NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS. Austin Texas United States of America. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ni.com\/en\/solutions\/academic-research.html. 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","unstructured":"Piezotronics PCB. Model 352C03 Platinum Stock Products\u202f; General purpose ceramic shear ICP \u00ae accel . 10 mV \/ g 0 . 5 to 10k Hz Installation and Operating Manual For assistance with the operation of this product. Datasheet. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.pcb.com\/products?m=352c03. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Direct Industry. Pulse velocity ultrasonic NDT inspection device Pundit Lab(+). Retrieved June 15 2023 from https:\/\/rb.gy\/itnzv. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","unstructured":"Bitter R Mohiuddin TNM. Laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department University of Minho. Guimar\u00e3es PT. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LabVIEW. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","unstructured":"Structural Vibration Solutions. V5.05 Laboratory of the Civil Engineering Department University of Minho. Portugal. 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","volume-title":"General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190 (Centennial)","author":"Forest Service","year":"2010","unstructured":"Forest Service. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. In: Kretschmann DE (eds) General Technical Report FPL-GTR-190 (Centennial). WI: U.S.: Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2010. Retrieved from https:\/\/rb.gy\/4cxwd0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"CEN. EN 384 Structural timber - Determination of characteristic values of mechanical properties and density. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization. 2018c."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"CEN. EN 14081-2. Timber structures \u2013 Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section. British Standard. B-1040 Brussels: European Committee for Standardization. 2018a."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"CEN. EN 14081-3 Timber structures \u2013 Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section. British Standard. B-1040 Brussels: European Committee for Standardization. 2018b."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-908820230000008"}],"container-title":["International Wood Products Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20426445251404092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20426445251404092","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20426445251404092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:47:49Z","timestamp":1773226069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20426445251404092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20426445251404092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20426445251404092","relation":{},"ISSN":["2042-6445","2042-6453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2042-6445","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-6453","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]}}}