{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:13:33Z","timestamp":1766733213845,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Media + Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Content moderation is commonly used by social media platforms to curb the spread of hateful content. Yet, little is known about how users perceive this practice and which factors may influence their perceptions. Publicly denouncing content moderation\u2014for example, portraying it as a limitation to free speech or as a form of political targeting\u2014may play an important role in this context. Evaluations of moderation may also depend on interpersonal mechanisms triggered by perceived user characteristics. In this study, we disentangle these different factors by examining how the gender, perceived similarity, and social influence of a user publicly complaining about a content-removal decision influence evaluations of moderation. In an experiment ( n\u2009=\u20091,586) conducted in the United States, the Netherlands, and Portugal, participants witnessed the moderation of a hateful post, followed by a publicly posted complaint about moderation by the affected user. Evaluations of the fairness, legitimacy, and bias of the moderation decision were measured, as well as perceived similarity and social influence as mediators. The results indicate that arguments about freedom of speech significantly lower the perceived fairness of content moderation. Factors such as social influence of the moderated user impacted outcomes differently depending on the moderated user\u2019s gender. We discuss implications of these findings for content-moderation practices. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051241286702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T13:22:27Z","timestamp":1732627347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Who Can Say What? Testing the Impact of Interpersonal Mechanisms and Gender on Fairness Evaluations of Content Moderation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3501-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ina","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Gina M.","family":"Masullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-4232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Torres da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7531-8644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joep","family":"Hofhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrams D., Travaglino G. A., Marques J. M., Pinto I., Levine J. M. (2018). Deviance credit: Tolerance of deviant ingroup leaders is mediated by their accrual of prototypicality and conferral of their right to be supported. Journal of Social Issues, 74(1), 36\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josi.12255","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12255"},{"key":"bibr2-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althaus S. L., Coe K. (2011). Priming patriots: Social identity processes and the dynamics of public support for war. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75(1), 65\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/poq\/nfq071","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfq071"},{"key":"bibr3-20563051241286702","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Gender, sex, and sexualities: Psychological perspectives","author":"Biernat M.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr4-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bleich E. (2011). The rise of hate speech and hate crime laws in liberal democracies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 37(6), 917\u2013934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.2011.576195","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2011.576195"},{"key":"bibr5-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02079.x"},{"key":"bibr6-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgoon M., Pauls V., Roberts D. L. (2002). Language expectancy theory. In Dillard J., Pfau M. (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (pp. 117\u2013136). Sage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781412976046.n7","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412976046.n7"},{"key":"bibr7-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carli L. L. (2001). Gender and social influence. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 725\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/0022-4537.00238","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00238"},{"key":"bibr8-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010534"},{"key":"bibr9-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.86.3.386"},{"key":"bibr10-20563051241286702","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of organizational justice","author":"Colquitt J. A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr11-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.010"},{"key":"bibr12-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croes E., Bartels J. (2021). Young adults\u2019 motivations for following social influencers and their relationship to identification and buying behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106910"},{"key":"bibr13-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eagly A. H. (1983). Gender and social influence: A social psychological analysis. American Psychologist, 38(9), 971\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.38.9.971","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003-066X.38.9.971"},{"key":"bibr14-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0416-3"},{"key":"bibr15-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x"},{"key":"bibr16-20563051241286702","unstructured":"European Commission. (2017). Gender equality 2017: Gender equality, stereotypes, and women in politics (465; Special Eurobarometer). European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication. https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/data\/datasets\/s2154_87_4_465_eng?locale=en"},{"key":"bibr17-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820912540"},{"key":"bibr18-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gnambs T., Batinic B. (2013). The roots of interpersonal influence: A mediated moderation model for knowledge and traits as predictors of opinion leadership. Applied Psychology, 62(4), 597\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2012.00497.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2012.00497.x"},{"key":"bibr19-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves J., Weber I., Masullo G. M., Torres Da, Silva M., Hofhuis J. (2023). Common sense or censorship: How algorithmic moderators and message type influence perceptions of online content deletion. New Media & Society, 25(10), 2595\u20132617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448211032310","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211032310"},{"key":"bibr20-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guegan J., Moliner P., Milland L. (2016). Social asymmetries and anonymity in dyadic computer-mediated communication: An experimental study of gender perception. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 75(1), 15\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/1421-0185\/a000167","DOI":"10.1024\/1421-0185\/a000167"},{"key":"bibr21-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta P., Burton J. L., Costa Barros L. (2023). Gender of the online influencer and follower: The differential persuasive impact of homophily, attractiveness and product-match. Internet Research, 33(2), 720\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/INTR-04-2021-0229","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-04-2021-0229"},{"key":"bibr22-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haimson O. L., Delmonaco D., Nie P., Wegner A. (2021). Disproportionate removals and differing content moderation experiences for conservative, transgender, and black social media users: Marginalization and moderation gray areas. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW2), 1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3479610","DOI":"10.1145\/3479610"},{"key":"bibr23-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasler B. S., Amichai-Hamburger Y. (2013). Online intergroup contact. In Amichai-Hamburger Y. (Ed.), The social net (pp. 220\u2013252). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199639540.003.0012","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199639540.003.0012"},{"key":"bibr24-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bmsp.12028"},{"key":"bibr25-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Heller B., van Hoboken J. (2019). Freedom of expression: A comparative summary of United States and European Law (Transatlantic High Level Working Group on Content Moderation Online and Freedom of Expression) [Working Paper]. Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam. https:\/\/www.ivir.nl\/publicaties\/download\/TWG_Freedom_of_Expression.pdf"},{"key":"bibr26-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogg M. A. (2005). Uncertainty, social identity, and ideology. In Thye S. R., Lawler E. J. (Eds.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 22, pp. 203\u2013229). Emerald. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0882-6145(05)22008-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-6145(05)22008-8"},{"key":"bibr27-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hogg M. A. (2021). Self-uncertainty and group identification: Consequences for social identity, group behavior, intergroup relations, and society. In Gawronski B. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 64, pp. 263\u2013316). Academic Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.aesp.2021.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aesp.2021.04.004"},{"key":"bibr28-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007123402000042"},{"key":"bibr29-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jhaver S., Appling D. S., Gilbert E., Bruckman A. (2019). \u201cDid you Suspect the post would be removed?\u201d Understanding user reactions to content removals on Reddit. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), 1\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359294","DOI":"10.1145\/3359294"},{"key":"bibr30-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jhaver S., Bruckman A., Gilbert E. (2019). Does transparency in moderation really matter? User behavior after content removal explanations on Reddit. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359252","DOI":"10.1145\/3359252"},{"key":"bibr31-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Jones B. (2019). Majority of Americans continue to say immigrants strengthen the U.S. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/FT_19.01.29_ImmigrationBurden_Topline.pdf"},{"key":"bibr32-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koper G., Van Knippenberg D., Bouhuijs F., Vermunt R., Wilke H. (1993). Procedural fairness and self-esteem. European Journal of Social Psychology, 23(3), 313\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2420230307","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420230307"},{"key":"bibr33-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Mac R., Browning K. (2022, November 19). Elon Musk reinstates Trump\u2019s Twitter account. The New York Times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/11\/19\/technology\/trump-twitter-musk.html"},{"key":"bibr34-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez C. A., van Prooijen J.W., Van Lange P. A. M. (2022). Hate: Toward understanding its distinctive features across interpersonal and intergroup targets. Emotion, 22(1), 46\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0001056","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001056"},{"key":"bibr35-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melamed D., Savage S. V. (2016). Status, faction sizes, and social influence: Testing the theoretical mechanism. American Journal of Sociology, 122(1), 201\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/686943","DOI":"10.1086\/686943"},{"key":"bibr36-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818773059"},{"key":"bibr37-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Naab T. (2012). The relevance of people\u2019s attitudes towards freedom of expression in a changing media environment. ESSACHESS Journal for Communication Studies, 5(1), 45\u201367. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2161607"},{"key":"bibr38-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oldmeadow J. A., Platow M. J., Foddy M., Anderson D. (2003). Self-categorization, status, and social influence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66(2), 138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1519844","DOI":"10.2307\/1519844"},{"key":"bibr39-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Park K., Ging D., Murphy S., McGrath C. (2023). The impact of the use of social media on women and girls [Policy Department for Citizens\u2019 Rights and Constitutional Affairs]. European Parliament. https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/thinktank\/en\/document\/IPOL_STU(2023)743341"},{"key":"bibr40-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pettersson K. (2019). \u201cFreedom of speech requires actions\u201d: Exploring the discourse of politicians convicted of hate-speech against Muslims. European Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 938\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.2577","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2577"},{"key":"bibr41-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. (2017). On gender differences, no consensus on nature vs. nurture. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/social-trends\/2017\/12\/05\/on-gender-differences-no-consensus-on-nature-vs-nurture\/"},{"key":"bibr42-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12006"},{"key":"bibr43-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10463280440000062"},{"key":"bibr44-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-6402.t01-1-00066"},{"key":"bibr45-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashotte L. (2007). Social influence. In Ritzer G. (Ed.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology (pp. 4434\u20134437). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781405165518.wbeoss154","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405165518.wbeoss154"},{"key":"bibr46-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathje S., Van Bavel J. J., Van Der Linden S. (2021). Out-group animosity drives engagement on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(26), Article e2024292118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2024292118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2024292118"},{"key":"bibr47-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raven B. H. (2008). The bases of power and the power\/interaction model of interpersonal influence. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 8(1), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-2415.2008.00159.x"},{"key":"bibr48-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riedl M. J., Whipple K. N., Wallace R. (2022). Antecedents of support for social media content moderation and platform regulation: The role of presumed effects on self and others. Information, Communication & Society, 25(11), 1632\u20131649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2021.1874040","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2021.1874040"},{"key":"bibr49-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Robertson A. (2022, April 15). What Elon Musk\u2019s Twitter \u201cfree speech\u201d promises miss. The Verge. https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2022\/4\/15\/23025120\/elon-musk-twitter-free-speech-government-censorship"},{"key":"bibr50-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Rothenberg E. (2023, July 30). Elon Musk reactivates Kanye West\u2019s Twitter account following X rebrand. CNN. https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/07\/30\/business\/kanye-west-twitter-account-elon-musk\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr51-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salerno J. M., Peter-Hagene L. C. (2015). One angry woman: Anger expression increases influence for men, but decreases influence for women, during group deliberation. Law and Human Behavior, 39(6), 581\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/lhb0000147","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000147"},{"key":"bibr52-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salerno J. M., Peter-Hagene L. C., Jay A. C. V. (2019). Women and African Americans are less influential when they express anger during group decision making. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 22(1), 57\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1368430217702967","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430217702967"},{"key":"bibr53-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaughnessy B., DuBosar E., Hutchens M. J., Mann I. (2024). An attack on free speech? Examining content moderation, (de-), and (re-) platforming on American right-wing alternative social media. New Media & Society. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448241228850","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448241228850"},{"key":"bibr54-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stollznow K. (2020). On the offensive: Prejudice in language past and present (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108866637","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108866637"},{"key":"bibr55-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzor N., Van Geelen T., Myers West S. (2018). Evaluating the legitimacy of platform governance: A review of research and a shared research agenda. International Communication Gazette, 80(4), 385\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1748048518757142","DOI":"10.1177\/1748048518757142"},{"key":"bibr56-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Suzor N., West S., Quodling A., York J. (2019). What do we mean when we talk about transparency? Toward meaningful transparency in commercial content moderation. International Journal of Communication, 13(18), 1526\u20131543. https:\/\/ijoc.org\/index.php\/ijoc\/article\/view\/9736"},{"key":"bibr57-20563051241286702","first-page":"56","volume-title":"Organizational identity: A reader","author":"Tajfel H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr58-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Trevelyan M. (2022, March 11). Facebook owner defends policy on calls for violence that angered Russia. Reuters. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/ukraine-crisis-meta-russia-idCNL5N2VE2TP"},{"key":"bibr59-20563051241286702","unstructured":"United Nations Development Programme. (2024). Human development report 2023-24: Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world. https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/content\/human-development-report-2023-24"},{"key":"bibr60-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaccaro K., Sandvig C., Karahalios K. (2020). \u201cAt the end of the day Facebook does what it wants\u201d: How users experience contesting algorithmic content moderation. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW2), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3415238","DOI":"10.1145\/3415238"},{"key":"bibr61-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Vaidhyanathan S. (2019, July 28). Why conservatives allege Big Tech is muzzling them. The Atlantic. https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2019\/07\/conservatives-pretend-big-tech-biased-against-them\/594916\/"},{"key":"bibr62-20563051241286702","volume-title":"The power of us: Harnessing our shared identities to improve performance, increase cooperation, and promote social harmony","author":"Van Bavel J. J.","year":"2021","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr63-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Toorn J., Tyler T. R., Jost J. T. (2011). More than fair: Outcome dependence, system justification, and the perceived legitimacy of authority figures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(1), 127\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.09.003"},{"key":"bibr64-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Dijke M., De Cremer D., Mayer D. M. (2010). The role of authority power in explaining procedural fairness effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 488\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0018921","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018921"},{"key":"bibr65-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Noorloos M. (2014). The politicisation of hate speech bans in the twenty-first-century Netherlands: Law in a changing context. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(2), 249\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369183X.2013.851474","DOI":"10.1080\/1369183X.2013.851474"},{"key":"bibr66-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Vogels E. A. (2022). Support for more regulation of tech companies has declined in U.S., especially among Republicans. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2022\/05\/13\/support-for-more-regulation-of-tech-companies-has-declined-in-u-s-especially-among-republicans\/"},{"key":"bibr67-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Vogels E. A., Perrin A., Anderson M. (2020). Most Americans think social media sites censor political viewpoints. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2020\/08\/19\/most-americans-think-social-media-sites-censor-political-viewpoints\/"},{"key":"bibr68-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Wagner C., Garcia D., Jadidi M., Strohmaier M. (2015). It\u2019s a Man\u2019s Wikipedia? Assessing gender inequality in an online encyclopedia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1501.06307"},{"key":"bibr69-20563051241286702","first-page":"25","volume-title":"A networked self: Identity, community and culture on social network sites","author":"Walther J. B.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr70-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S. S., Moon S.I., Kwon K. H., Evans C. A., Stefanone M. A. (2010). Face off: Implications of visual cues on initiating friendship on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 226\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2009.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2009.10.001"},{"key":"bibr71-20563051241286702","unstructured":"Weber I., Laban A., Masullo G. M., Gon\u00e7alves J., Torres Da, Silva M., Hofhuis J. (2020). International perspectives on what\u2019s considered hateful or profane online [White Paper]. Center for Media Engagement. https:\/\/mediaengagement.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/CME-Report-International-Perspectives-on-What\u2019s-Considered-Hateful-or-Profane-Online-1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr72-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-020-09637-y"},{"key":"bibr73-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilhelm C. (2020). Gendered (in)visibility in digital media contexts. Studies in Communication Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24434\/j.scoms.2021.01.007","DOI":"10.24434\/j.scoms.2021.01.007"},{"key":"bibr74-20563051241286702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilhelm C., Joeckel S. (2019). Gendered morality and backlash effects in online discussions: An experimental study on how users respond to hate speech comments against women and sexual minorities. Sex Roles, 80(7\u20138), 381\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-018-0941-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-018-0941-5"}],"container-title":["Social Media + Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20563051241286702","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/20563051241286702","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/20563051241286702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T13:06:37Z","timestamp":1740920797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/20563051241286702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/20563051241286702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20563051241286702","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-3051","2056-3051"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2056-3051"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2056-3051"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"article-number":"20563051241286702"}}