{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T06:12:13Z","timestamp":1773900733621,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Public Health Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Early childhood is a critical period for preventing malnutrition and ensuring adequate nutrient intake. While various feeding approaches exist, no consensus has been reached on the ideal one. Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) is an emerging method that involves the direct introduction of finger foods to children. However, limited evidence exists on health professionals\u2019 (HP) perspective. We aim to translate and validate an instrument to assess the knowledge and attitudes of HP toward BLW method in European Portuguese.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design and methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A methodological study was conducted with a nonprobability sample of 118 HPs working in primary care settings. The instrument underwent translation, back-translation, and review by an expert panel to ensure semantic and conceptual equivalence. The content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to assess content and construct validity, respectively. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach\u2019s alpha. The instrument was available online.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The adapted instrument showed high content validity, with CVI values of 0.89 for practice-related items and 0.87 for knowledge and attitude items. EFA revealed three distinct factors: positive child-centered contributions, positive parent-centered contributions, and BLW constraints, explaining 67.46% of total variance. The model\u2019s suitability was confirmed by Bartlett\u2019s test of sphericity (\u03c7\u00b2(66) =\u2009665.735;\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the KMO index (0.829). All dimensions demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1\u2009&gt;\u20090.7).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The validated instrument is a reliable tool for assessing HPs\u2019 knowledge and attitudes toward BLW. Findings support the need for targeted education to better equip professionals in guiding parents on BLW practices.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/22799036251369405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T09:54:12Z","timestamp":1759917252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Translation and validation of health professionals\u2019 knowledge and attitudes instrument regarding Baby-Led Weaning approach into European Portuguese"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2812-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Sarreira-de-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1175-1400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Nutritional Immunology \u2013 Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4771-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Campus Universit\u00e1rio, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade e Enfermagem, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sa\u00fade (CIIS), Palma de Cima, Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12444","article-title":"Emerging issues in complementary feeding: global aspects","volume":"13","author":"Michaelsen KF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Michaelsen KF, Grummer-Strawn L, B\u00e9gin F. Emerging issues in complementary feeding: global aspects. Matern Child Nutr 2017; 13: e12444.","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4111575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/;2018;36;3;00001","article-title":"The baby-led weaning method (BLW) in the context of complementary feeding: a review","volume":"36","author":"Arantes ALAE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arantes ALAE, Neves FS, Campos AAL, et al The baby-led weaning method (BLW) in the context of complementary feeding: a review. Rev Paul Pediatr 2018; 36: 353\u2013363.","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-017-0201-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001542","article-title":"Healthcare professionals\u2019 and mothers\u2019 knowledge of, attitudes to and experiences with, Baby-Led Weaning: a content analysis study","volume":"2","author":"Cameron SL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cameron SL, Heath A-LM, Taylor RW. Healthcare professionals\u2019 and mothers\u2019 knowledge of, attitudes to and experiences with, Baby-Led Weaning: a content analysis study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e001542.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"How do primary care paediatricians guide complementary feeding in Spain?","volume":"20","author":"Rubio AM.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rubio AM. How do primary care paediatricians guide complementary feeding in Spain? Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria 2018; 20: 35\u201344.","journal-title":"Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13543","article-title":"Baby-Led Weaning: health professionals \u2018knowledge and attitudes and parents\u2019 experiences from Spain. A mixed methods approach","volume":"30","author":"Arias-Ramos N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arias-Ramos N, Andina-D\u00edaz E, Granado-Soto M, et al Baby-Led Weaning: health professionals \u2018knowledge and attitudes and parents\u2019 experiences from Spain. A mixed methods approach. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30: e1352\u2013e1363.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2022\/40\/2020321","article-title":"Brazilian health professionals\u2019 perception about the Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) method for complementary feeding: an exploratory study","volume":"40","author":"Neves FS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Neves FS, Romano BM, Campos AA, et al Brazilian health professionals\u2019 perception about the Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) method for complementary feeding: an exploratory study. Rev Paul Pediatr 2022; 40: e2020321.","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6198.2008.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Attitude structure and function","author":"Greenwald A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greenwald A. Why are attitudes important? In: Pratkanis A, Breckler S, Greenwald AG (eds) Attitude structure and function. Psychology Press, 2014, pp.1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.20041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","article-title":"Knowledge and attitudes towards Baby-Led-Weaning by health professionals and parents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"32","author":"San Mauro Mart\u00edn I","year":"2022","unstructured":"San Mauro Mart\u00edn I, Garicano Vilar E, Porro Guerra G, et al Knowledge and attitudes towards Baby-Led-Weaning by health professionals and parents: a cross-sectional study. Enferm Clin 2022; 32: S64\u2013S72.","journal-title":"Enferm Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","article-title":"Health professionals\u2019 knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward baby-led weaning: scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Sarreira\u2013de-Oliveira P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarreira\u2013de-Oliveira P, Fernandes S, Ramalho R, et al Health professionals\u2019 knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward baby-led weaning: scoping review. Sage Open Nurs 2024; 10: 23779608241285417.","journal-title":"Sage Open Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Original \u00bfC\u00f3mo orientan los pediatras de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria la alimentaci\u00f3n complementaria?","volume":"20","author":"Mart\u00ednez Rubio A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez Rubio A, Vallejo DC, Esp\u00edn Jaime B. Original \u00bfC\u00f3mo orientan los pediatras de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria la alimentaci\u00f3n complementaria? Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria 2018; 20: 35\u201344.","journal-title":"Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaton DE Bombardier C Guillemin F et al Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000; 25(24): 3186\u20133191.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","volume-title":"Burns and Grove\u2019s the practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence","author":"Gray J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gray J, Grove SK (eds). Burns and Grove\u2019s the practice of nursing research: appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence. 9th ed. Elsevier, 2021.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0752-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0176-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447403400115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"Devlin EE. Baby-led weaning: a scoping review [Internet] [Master of Science in Nursing]. The University of British Columbia https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/soa\/cIRcle\/collections\/graduateresearch\/42591\/items\/1.0402350 (2021 accessed 30 November 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0487-8","article-title":"Baby-led weaning: What a systematic review of the literature adds on","volume":"44","author":"D\u2019Auria E","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Auria E, Bergamini M, Staiano A, et al Baby-led weaning: What a systematic review of the literature adds on. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S419714","article-title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of measurement instruments: a practical guideline for novice researchers","volume":"17","author":"Cruchinho P","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cruchinho P, L\u00f3pez-Franco MD, Capelas ML, et al Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of measurement instruments: a practical guideline for novice researchers. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17: 2701\u20132728.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21315\/eimj2019.11.2.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225850","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1225850","article-title":"Measuring what matters in healthcare: a practical guide to psychometric principles and instrument development","volume":"14","author":"Swan K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swan K, Speyer R, Scharitzer M, et al Measuring what matters in healthcare: a practical guide to psychometric principles and instrument development. Front Psychol 2023; 14: 1225850.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/ajams-9-1-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2022.08.012","article-title":"\u201cBaby-Led Weaning\u201d - progress in infant feeding or risky trend?","volume":"29","author":"Bocquet A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bocquet A, Brancato S, Turck D, et al \u201cBaby-Led Weaning\u201d - progress in infant feeding or risky trend? Archives de P\u00e9diatrie 2022; 29: 516\u2013525.","journal-title":"Archives de P\u00e9diatrie"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfcli.2019.04.014","article-title":"Is the Baby-Led Weaning approach an effective choice for introducing first foods? A literature review","volume":"29","author":"Utami AF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Utami AF, Wanda D. Is the Baby-Led Weaning approach an effective choice for introducing first foods? A literature review. Enferm Clin 2019; 29: 87\u201395.","journal-title":"Enferm Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02694-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz153"}],"container-title":["Journal of Public Health Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/22799036251369405","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/22799036251369405","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/22799036251369405","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:14:29Z","timestamp":1760102069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/22799036251369405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/22799036251369405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/22799036251369405","relation":{},"ISSN":["2279-9036","2279-9036"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2279-9036","type":"print"},{"value":"2279-9036","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"article-number":"22799036251369405"}}