{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:17:54Z","timestamp":1777591074471,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315086\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315086\/2020-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq","award":["305008\/2021-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305008\/2021-8"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro | FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/211.381\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.381\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cities are different worldwide, but does this fact have any relation to culture? The idea that urban form embodies idiosyncrasies related to cultural identities captures the imagination of many in urban studies, but it is an assumption yet to be carefully examined. At its heart, the question of whether cities can be seen as cultural artefacts is informational: whether or not cultural traces can be encoded in the physical configuration of cities. Approaching spatial configuration as a proxy of urban culture, we investigate this possibility by focussing on buildings as the primary components shaping cities. Looking into how buildings aggregate in combinations and complexes, we explore Shannon\u2019s information theory to introduce an entropy measure and analyse frequencies of cellular configurations of built form. We apply this method to downtown areas of 45 cities from different regions around the world. Assessing differences and similarities in cellular configurations, we identify clusters of cities potentially consistent with specific spatial cultures. Our findings suggest a classification scheme that sheds light on the \u2018cultural hypothesis\u2019: the possibility that different cultures and regions find different ways of ordering space. We conclude our analysis by arguing that the endless combinatorial possibilities of building configurations, missing from street network approaches, add complexity to cities and prompt a renewed interest in built form systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23998083221107382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T05:54:36Z","timestamp":1655186076000},"page":"146-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["From urban form to information: Cellular configurations in different spatial cultures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4175-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinicius M","family":"Netto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment | University of Porto | FEUP | CITTA, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Edgardo","family":"Brigatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment | University of Porto | FEUP | CITTA, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Caio","family":"Cacholas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment | University of Porto | FEUP | CITTA, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10651-017-0383-1"},{"key":"bibr2-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0779(94)90018-3"},{"key":"bibr3-23998083221107382","volume-title":"Entropy, information theory and spatial input-output analysis","author":"Batten DF","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr4-23998083221107382","first-page":"230","author":"Batty M","year":"1972","journal-title":"Area"},{"key":"bibr5-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1974.tb01014.x"},{"key":"bibr6-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1976.tb00525.x"},{"key":"bibr8-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-014-0202-2"},{"key":"bibr9-23998083221107382","unstructured":"Biopython (2020) Phylo-working with phylogenetic trees. Available at: https:\/\/biopython.org\/wiki\/Phylo (accessed 3 June 2020)."},{"key":"bibr10-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41109-019-0189-1"},{"key":"bibr42-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0069258"},{"key":"bibr12-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33999-8_28"},{"key":"bibr13-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/621094"},{"key":"bibr14-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471200611"},{"key":"bibr43-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.105.054116"},{"key":"bibr15-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/26\/4\/001"},{"key":"bibr16-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127495000041"},{"key":"bibr17-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.67.051104"},{"key":"bibr18-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23998083211059835"},{"key":"bibr19-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315610269"},{"key":"bibr20-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03324"},{"key":"bibr21-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(03)00003-3"},{"key":"bibr22-23998083221107382","volume-title":"Information Adaptation: The Interplay Between Shannon Information and Semantic Information in Cognition","author":"Haken H","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr23-23998083221107382","first-page":"5","author":"Hillier B","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ekistics"},{"key":"bibr24-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b200029"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-23998083221107382","first-page":"i","volume":"7","author":"Koch D","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Space Syntax"},{"key":"bibr26-23998083221107382","volume-title":"The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History","author":"Kostof S","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr27-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.79.046208"},{"key":"bibr28-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0924"},{"key":"bibr29-23998083221107382","volume-title":"Urbis Brasiliae: O Labirinto das Cidades Brasileiras","author":"Medeiros V","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr30-23998083221107382","volume-title":"The Social Fabric of Cities","author":"Netto VM","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr31-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e20110834"},{"key":"bibr32-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-019-00830-x"},{"key":"bibr33-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b32045"},{"key":"bibr34-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-30750-3"},{"key":"bibr35-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.17"},{"key":"bibr36-23998083221107382","volume-title":"The Architecture of the City","author":"Rossi A","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr37-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166191"},{"key":"bibr38-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x"},{"key":"bibr39-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265813516658031"},{"key":"bibr40-23998083221107382","volume-title":"Beijing and the Earliest Planning Document in History","author":"Wainwright O","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr41-23998083221107382","volume-title":"Entropy in Urban and Regional Modelling","volume":"1","author":"Wilson A","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr200-23998083221107382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/948496.948505"}],"container-title":["Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23998083221107382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23998083221107382","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23998083221107382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:22:05Z","timestamp":1777407725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23998083221107382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23998083221107382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23998083221107382","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-8083","2399-8091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-8083","type":"print"},{"value":"2399-8091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]}}}