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Key factors such as printing layer height, printing speed, and material properties critically influence the quality of printed parts, often resulting in defects like cracking and warping. This study uses a design of experiments (DoE) methodology to evaluate the effects of the parameters on the quality of 3D-printed clay objects. The analysis identifies optimal parameter settings that reduce dimensional defects, particularly in final thickness ratios. The optimal parameters for printing were set to layer height (A), printing speed (B), nozzle diameter (C), and material preparation time (D), being 0.3 mm, 25 mm\/s, 13 mm, and 1 hour, respectively. Results show that optimized configurations enhance both dimensional accuracy and mechanical stability. These findings contribute to the standardization of small-scale 3D clay printing, offering valuable insights for academic research and industrial implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/25165984261420994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T10:55:44Z","timestamp":1771412144000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design of experiments-based analysis of operating parameters in small-scale clay 3D printing"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0929-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean P.","family":"Mor\u00e1n-Zabala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Science, Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria ITM, Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan M.","family":"Cogollo-Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality and Production, Instituci\u00f3n Universitaria ITM, Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"}]},{"given":"Derly F.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-R\u00f4a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organizational Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3154-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Correa-Espinal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organizational Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0899-1561(2002)14:6(447)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.129723"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-7952(01)00143-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784483701.016"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"134","article-title":"Clay as a sustainable binder for concrete\u2014A review","volume":"1","author":"Mousavi SS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mousavi SS, , Bhojaraju C, and Ouellet-Plamondon C. 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