none 10.1177/87552930221140926 Wiley Wiley (John Wiley & Sons) 311 143672791 5867 2026012504112200378 10.1002 2026-01-25T14:48:11Z 2022-12-28T08:04:08Z 11 Earthquake Spectra Earthquake Spectra 8755-2930 1944-8201 02 2023 39 1 Michail Ntinalexis Independent Consultant London UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6812-9658 Pauline P Kruiver Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) De Bilt The Netherlands Julian J Bommer Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London London UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-5223 Elmer Ruigrok Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) De Bilt The Netherlands Adrian Rodriguez‐Marek The Charles E Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-4721 Ben Edwards Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK Rui Pinho Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Pavia Pavia Italy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-9036 Jesper Spetzler Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) De Bilt The Netherlands Edwin Obando Hernandez Deltares Utrecht The Netherlands Manos Pefkos Deltares Utrecht The Netherlands Mahdi Bahrampouri The Charles E Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Erik P van Onselen Deltares Utrecht The Netherlands Bernard Dost Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI) De Bilt The Netherlands Jan van Elk Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (NAM) Assen The Netherlands A comprehensive database that has been used to develop ground motion models for induced earthquakes in the Groningen gas field is provided in a freely accessible online repository. The database includes more than 8500 processed ground motion recordings from 87 earthquakes of local magnitude M L between 1.8 and 3.6, obtained from a large network of surface accelerographs and borehole geophones placed at 50 m depth intervals to a depth of 200 m. The 5%‐damped pseudo‐acceleration spectra and Fourier amplitude spectra of the records are also provided. Measured shear‐wave velocity (V S ) profiles, obtained primarily from seismic Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs), are provided for 80 of the ∼100 recording stations. A model representing the regional dynamic soil properties is presented for the entire gas field plus a 5 km onshore buffer zone, specifying lithology, V S , and damping for all layers above the reference baserock horizon located at about 800 m depth. Transfer functions and frequency‐dependent amplification factors from the reference rock horizon to the surface for the locations of the recording stations are also included. The database provides a valuable resource for further refinement of induced seismic hazard and risk modeling in Groningen as well as for generic research in site response of thick, soft soil deposits and the characteristics of ground motions from small‐magnitude, shallow‐focus induced earthquakes. 02 2023 02 2023 687 701 10.1177/87552930221140926 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 2 10.1177/sage-journals-update-policy journals.sagepub.com true Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100023550 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 10.1177/87552930221140926 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1177/87552930221140926 http://sage.cnpereading.com/paragraph/article/?doi=10.1177/87552930221140926 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/87552930221140926 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/87552930221140926 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1177/87552930221140926 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/earthquake-spectra/article/39/1/687/620235/a-database-of-ground-motion-recordings-site BalIE SmyrouE BulderE(2019) Liability and damage claim issues in induced earthquakes: Case of Groningen. In:Proceedings of SECED conference on earthquake risk and engineering towards a resilient world Greenwich 9‐10 September. 10.1785/0120170040 10.1017/njg.2017.28 10.1785/0120150184 BommerJJ EdwardsB KruiverPP Rodriguez‐MarekA StaffordPJ NtinalexisM RuigrokE DostB(2022a)V7 ground‐motion model for induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field. Revision 1 20 February. (accessed 11 March 2021). Available at:https://nam‐onderzoeksrapporten.data‐app.nl/reports/download/groningen/en/06766b7a‐1999‐4f48‐977c‐33a5d94cdd82 BommerJJ StaffordPJ NtinalexisM(2021)Empirical equations for the prediction of peak ground velocity due to induced earthquakes in the Groningen gas field. Available at:https://nam‐onderzoeksrapporten.data‐app.nl/reports/download/groningen/en/b1512446‐d4f1‐48e7‐ad78‐dd7f950d1c6b(accessed 10 October 2021). 10.1193/082916EQS138M 10.1007/s10950-022-10120-w 10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007 BoschJHA HartingR GunninkJL(2014)Lithologische karakterisering van de ondiepe ondergrond van Noord‐Nederland (Topsysteem hoofdgebied 5)(in Dutch). Geological Survey of the Netherlands TNO report 2014‐R10680. (accessed 11 March 2021). Available at:https://www.academia.edu/15315846/Lithologische_karakterisering_van_de_ondiepe_ondergrond_van_Noord_Nederland_Topsysteem_hoofdgebied_5_. 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106511 10.1785/02201700247 Seismological Research Letters Dost B 1660 90 4 2019 Erratum: The relationship between M and ML—A review and application to induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field, the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences Dost B 235 96 5 2017 Development of seismicity and probabilistic hazard assessment for the Groningen gas field. Netherlands 10.1785/0120200076 10.1007/s10950-021-10010-7 10.1007/s10518-018-0479-5 Fugro(2019)Geotechnical site investigation seismic CPT’s KNMI G‐stations Groningen. Report 1019‐153172_21.KR01 26 November. (accessed 11 March 2021). Available athttps://nam‐onderzoeksrapporten.data‐app.nl/reports/download/groningen/en/afd4664f‐cff5‐4e25‐878a‐29113a71b6c1 Fugro(2020)Seismic CPT’s KNMI G‐stations Groningen: Rapportage Geotechnisch Onderzoek Loppersum. Report 1320‐171323 14 July. (accessed 11 March 2021). Available fromhttps://nam‐onderzoeksrapporten.data‐app.nl/reports/download/groningen/en/ae2cdfdd‐6bee‐4f52‐9f74‐f6ce74fff9b8 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002286 Helmholtz‐Centre Potsdam ‐GFZ and German Research Centre for Geosciences gempa GmbH(2008) The SeisComP seismological software package.GFZ Data Services. DOI:10.5880/GFZ2.4.2020.003. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI)(1993)Netherlands Seismic and Acoustic Network: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). Other/seismic network. DOI:10.21944/e970fd34‐23b9‐3411‐b366‐e4f72877d2c5. 10.1007/s10950-012-9309-4 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106471 KruiverP KloostermanF deLangeG DoornenbalP(2018)Background document NAM database of subsurface information: Version date of database ‐ 29 March 2018. Report 1209862‐004‐GEO‐0001 August. Available athttps://www.nam.nl/feiten‐en‐cijfers/onderzoeksrapporten.html 10.1007/s10518-017-0105-y 10.1017/njg.2017.11 10.1785/0120200099 10.1017/njg.2014.46 Soil‐Structure Interaction for Building Structures National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 2012 10.1007/s10950-017-9725-6 10.1007/s10950-019-09870-x 10.17605/OSF.IO/S3ZXA 10.1785/0120160123 RomijnR(2017)Groningen velocity model 2017—Groningen full elastic velocity model September 2017. NAM report. (accessed 11 March 2021). Available at:https://nam‐feitenencijfers.data‐app.nl/download/rapport/9a5751d9‐2ff5‐4b6a‐9c25‐e37e76976bc1?open=true 10.1093/gji/ggac069 Geophysical Journal International Spetzler J 453 209 2017 Hypocentre estimation of induced earthquakes in Groningen 10.1785/0120170084 10.1007/s10518-018-0425-6 Product specification subsurface model GeoTOP (Utrecht). TNO report 2016‐R10133 v1.3 Stafleu J 2016 10.1017/S0016774600000597 10.1193/050918EQS118M 10.1017/njg.2017.37 10.1190/tle34060664.1