{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:48:20Z","timestamp":1776376100173,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The global building exposure model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built\u2010up area, and average replacement cost. We aimed for a bottom\u2010up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio\u2010economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to earthquakes with a high concentration of population and building stock. The mosaic of exposure models presented herein can be used for the assessment of probabilistic seismic risk and earthquake scenarios. Information at the global, regional, and national levels is available through a public repository (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gem\/global_exposure_model\">https:\/\/github.com\/gem\/global_exposure_model<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ), which will be used to maintain, update and improve the models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/87552930231194048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T08:22:12Z","timestamp":1694593332000},"page":"2212-2235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8774-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Yepes\u2010Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Calderon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1216-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUCENTRE Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Dabbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUCENTRE Pavia Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6545-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Camila","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1678-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"given":"Anirudh","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4408-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Pavia Italy"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8755293020966338"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8755293020942537"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","volume-title":"Strengthening Natural Hazard Risk Assessment Capacity in the Philippines: An Earthquake Impact Pilot Study for Iloilo City, Western Visayas (Record 2012\/70)","author":"Bautista MLP","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-018-0499-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/8755293021989333"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/87552930211043894"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-21-643-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","unstructured":"CetinerB WangC McKennaF HornaeurS GuoY(2022)\u201cBRAILS \u2010 Building Recognition using AI at Large\u2010Scale. v3.0.0\u201d. 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