{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T21:29:37Z","timestamp":1775338177538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019658","name":"John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["John A. Blume Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["John A. Blume Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nancy Grant Chamberlain Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nancy Grant Chamberlain Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019658","name":"John A. Blume Earthquake Engineering Center, Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["John A. Blume Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["John A. Blume Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nancy Grant Chamberlain Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nancy Grant Chamberlain Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) \/ Doctorado Becas Chile","award":["2019-72200307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-72200307"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Until recently, the orientation of maximum horizontal spectral response was generally believed to not have a predominant orientation at rupture distances greater than 5\u2009km. However, a recent study found that the orientation of maximum spectral response for strike\u2010slip earthquakes in the NGA\u2010West2 database tends to occur close to the epicentral transverse orientation, that is, an orientation perpendicular to a line connecting the epicenter to the station. This article investigates directionality in the 6 February 2023 T\u00fcrkiye doublet earthquakes (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    7.8 and 7.5) with strike\u2010slip faulting. The orientation of the maximum response of 5%\u2010damped linear elastic oscillators was studied. The spatial distribution of the level of polarization, which in this article refers to the amount of directionality, and intensities at specific orientations were also studied. The maximum spectral response was found to occur systematically close to the epicentral transverse orientation, consistent with previous observations for other strike\u2010slip earthquakes. For the\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      M\n                      <jats:sub>w<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    7.8 event where the location of maximum slip was relatively far from the epicenter, it was found that the orientation of maximum spectral response is, on average, closer to the maximum slip transverse orientation (i.e. perpendicular to a line connecting the station to the surface projection of the point of maximum slip) when compared to the epicentral transverse orientation over most period ranges. This suggests that the maximum slip transverse orientation may be a better estimator for determining the orientation of maximum spectral response in large\u2010magnitude strike\u2010slip earthquakes, although further study using more events is warranted. Polarized motions were observed over large geographical areas, and the orientation of maximum spectral response was found to be close to the epicentral or maximum slip transverse for Joyner\u2013Boore distances up to the farthest studied (400\u2009km). These findings further support the case for the development of orientation\u2010dependent ground motion models for strike\u2010slip earthquakes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/87552930231203989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T06:53:16Z","timestamp":1697698396000},"page":"486-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Directionality and polarization of response spectral ordinates in the 2023\u00a0Kahramanmaras, T\u00fcrkiye earthquake doublet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3597-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Girmay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8654-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Poulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9398-443X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/gssrl.68.1.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"AFAD Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD)(2023a)06.02.2023 01:17:32 Pazarc\u0131k (Kahramanmara\u015f) earthquake MW 7.7. 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Available at:http:\/\/www.daveboore.com\/daves_notes\/lowest_usable_freq_for_response_spectra_v20.pdf(accessed April 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120090400"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120160250"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/gssrl.68.1.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/070113EQS184M"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120050209"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and Geotechnical Extreme Event Reconnaissance Association (GEER)(2023)February 6 2023 T\u00fcrkiye earthquakes: Report on geoscience and engineering impacts. 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