{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T01:57:31Z","timestamp":1785376651932,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004813","name":"Department of Water Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4600012415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4600012415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004813","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004813","name":"Department of Water Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4600012415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4600012415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004813","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earthquake Spectra"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"\n Sites located in the Sacramento\u2010San Joaquin Delta region of California typically have peaty\u2010organic soils near the ground surface, which are characteristically soft, with shear wave velocities as low as 30\u2009m\/s. These unusually soft geotechnical conditions, which are outside the range of applicability of existing ergodic site amplification models, can be anticipated to produce significant site effects during earthquake shaking. We evaluate site response for 36 seismic stations in the Delta region using non\u2010ergodic methods with low\u2010amplitude ground motion data. We model first\u2010order site effects using a period\u2010dependent relation conditioned on the 30\u2009m time\u2010averaged shear wave velocity (\n \n V\n S30<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ). Relative to extrapolations of global ergodic models, this Delta\u2010specific model provides lower and higher levels of amplification for short and long periods, respectively. While the local model provides unbiased predictions for Delta sites as a whole, it smooths over site\u2010specific effects such as resonant peaks. Microtremor\u2010based horizontal\u2010to\u2010vertical spectral ratios (mHVSRs) were measured for 34 sites, from which additional site parameters such as peak frequency (\n \n f\n p<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ), peak amplitude (\n \n a\n p<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ), and average mHVSR amplitude over some frequency bandwidth () are derived. Sites with prominent mHVSR peaks are found to often exhibit site resonance effects, while sites without prominent peak features generally do not. A modified Ricker wavelet pulse function conditioned on\n \n f\n p<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n is used to model resonance effects, while a logistic function whose amplitude is correlated with is used to model general broadband amplification that transitions to zero at long periods. These mHVSR\u2010informed models are implemented as additive components to the\n \n V\n S30<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scaling model. Relative to a global ergodic model, the\n \n V\n S30<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2010scaling model does not appreciably change the site\u2010to\u2010site aleatory variability () for periods shorter than about 1.5\u2009s but reduces by ~0.1 (natural log units) at long periods. When the mHVSR\u2010informed model components are used, is reduced by ~0.05 to 0.1 for short\u2010to\u2010intermediate periods (up to ~2 s). A model for nonlinear effects, derived from nonlinear ground response analyses, will be presented in a separate paper.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/87552930231217165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:08:28Z","timestamp":1705622908000},"page":"230-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Small\u2010strain site response of soft soils in the Sacramento\u2010San Joaquin Delta region of California conditioned on\n \n V\n S30<\/sub>\n <\/i>\n and mHVSR"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan E","family":"Buckreis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott J","family":"Brandenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2844-4557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0820010505"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"PEER reports 2015\u201007, June","author":"Al Atik L","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/070913EQS197M"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120010235"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0870030710"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120090400"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","first-page":"1057","article-title":"NGA\u2010West2 equations for predicting PGA, PGV, and 5%\u2010damped PSA for shallow crustal earthquakes","volume":"30","author":"Boore DM","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1585791"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0660020467"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"A77","volume-title":"The Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989 Strong Ground Motion (Professional Paper 1551\u2010A)","author":"Borcherdt RD","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1193\/072113EQS209M"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315139470"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","unstructured":"BuckreisTE(2022)Customization of path and site response components of global ground motion models for application in Sacramento\u2010San Joaquin Delta region of California. 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