{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:14:30Z","timestamp":1789845270274,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Linacre Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Governments and society have accepted and enthusiastically promoted contraception, especially contraceptive steroid hormones, as the means of assuring optimal timing and number of births, an undoubted health benefit, but they seldom advert to their limitations and side effects. This article reviews the literature on the psychological, social, and spiritual impact of contraceptive steroid use. While the widespread use of contraceptive steroid hormones has expanded life style and career choices for many women, their impact on the women's well-being, emotions, social relationships, and spirituality is seldom mentioned by advocates, and negative effects are often downplayed. When mentioned at all, depression and hypoactive sexual desire are usually treated symptomatically rather than discontinuing their most frequent pharmacological cause, the contraceptive. The rising incidence of premarital sex and cohabitation and decreased marriage rates parallel the use of contraceptive steroids as does decreased church attendance and\/or reduced acceptance of Church teaching among Catholics. <\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title><jats:p> While there is wide, societal acceptance of hormonal contraceptives to space births, their physical side effects are often downplayed and their impact on emotions and life styles are largely unexamined. Coincidental to the use of \u201cthe pill\u201d there has been an increase in depression, low sexual desire, \u201chook-ups,\u201d cohabitation, delay of marriage and childbearing, and among Catholics, decreased church attendance and reduced religious practice. Fertility is not a disease. Birth spacing can be achieved by natural means, and the many undesirable effects of contraception avoided. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1179\/2050854915y.0000000009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T08:06:18Z","timestamp":1436429178000},"page":"283-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Psychological, Social, and Spiritual Effects of Contraceptive Steroid Hormones"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Klaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Family Planning Center of Washington, D.C., Bethesda, MD, USA"},{"name":"Teen STAR Program, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel E.","family":"Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Programa Teen STAR de Educaci\u00f3n en Afectividad y Sexualidad, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2050854915Y.0000000009","unstructured":"Advocates for Youth. 2014. 1 in 3 speakout campaign. http:\/\/www.1in3campaign.org\/en\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr2-2050854915Y.0000000009","first-page":"73","volume":"37","author":"Alvarado E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aztlan: A Journal of Chicano Studies"},{"key":"bibr3-2050854915Y.0000000009","first-page":"167","volume":"44","author":"Alvar\u00e9 Helen M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Akron Law Review"},{"key":"bibr4-2050854915Y.0000000009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.08.003"},{"key":"bibr5-2050854915Y.0000000009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182723b7d"},{"key":"bibr6-2050854915Y.0000000009","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2013. 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