{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:30:53Z","timestamp":1792459853799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Section I, Dr. Stephen O\u2019Brien reviews the latest data on the clinical use of imatinib (STI571, Gleevec, Glivec) in CML. His review focuses on the use of imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic phase patients and summarizes cytogenetic and molecular response data, as well as use of the agent at high doses and in combination with other drugs. A brief summary of the prospective international Phase III studies that are currently ongoing is also provided, and the issues of resistance and definition of suboptimal therapeutic response are also covered. Finally, therapeutic decision-making and treatment strategy are considered.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In Section II, Dr. Ayalew Tefferi considers the latest developments in the biology and therapy of myeloid metaplasia\/myelofibrosis. Dr. Tefferi covers what is currently understood of the biology of the disease and reviews established therapies for the condition as well as novel agents that are being used in clinical trials. The development of optimal management strategies for the disease is considered.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In Section III, Dr. Peter Valent reviews the classification of mast cell proliferative disorders and covers the clinical and pathological presentation of this group of neoplasms. He reviews the state-of-the-art regarding the molecular biology of mastocytosis along with diagnostic criteria and novel treatment concepts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2004.1.146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,20]],"date-time":"2004-11-20T02:03:01Z","timestamp":1100916181000},"page":"146-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Myeloproliferative Disease"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2004","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayalew","family":"Tefferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Valent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021215284136000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien SG, Guilhot F, Larson RA, et al. Imatinib compared with interferon and low-dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:994\u20131004.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022457"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hughes T, Kaeda J, Branford S, et al. Frequency of major molecular responses to imatinib or interferon alpha plus cytarabine in newly-diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1423\u20131432.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030513"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morimoto A, Ogami A, Chiyonobu T, et al. Early blastic transformation following complete cytogenetic response in a pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with imatinib mesylate. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004;26:320\u2013322.","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-200405000-00013"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn EA, Glendenning GA, Sorensen MV, et al. Quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia on imatinib versus interferon alfa plus low-dose cytarabine: results from the IRIS Study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2138\u20132146.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.12.154"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantarjian HM, Cortes JE, O\u2019Brien S, et al. Long-term survival benefit and improved complete cytogenetic and molecular response rates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome-positive, chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-{alpha}. Blood. June 13, 2004 (e-pub ahead of print).","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-02-0711"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah NP, Nicoll JM, Nagar B, et al. Multiple BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations confer polyclonal resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571) in chronic phase and blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell. 2002;2:117\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00096-X"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochhaus A, Hughes T. Clinical resistance to imatinib: mechanisms and implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2004;18:641\u2013656.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2004.03.001"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Bubnoff N, Schneller F, Peschel C, Duyster J. BCR-ABL gene mutations in relation to clinical resistance of Philadelphia-chromosome-positive leukaemia to STI571: a prospective study. Lancet. 2002;359:487\u2013491.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07679-1"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branford S, Rudzki Z, Walsh S, et al. High frequency of point mutations clustered within the adenosine triphosphate-binding region of BCR\/ABL in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who develop imatinib (STI571) resistance. Blood. 2002;99:3472\u20133475.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.9.3472"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branford S, Rudzki Z, Walsh S, et al. Detection of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with CML treated with imatinib is virtually always accompanied by clinical resistance, and mutations in the ATP phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) are associated with a poor prognosis. Blood. 2003;102:276\u2013283.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2896"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branford S, Rudzki Z, Parkinson I, et al. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis can be used as a primary screen to identify imatinib-treated patients with CML who have BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. Blood. June 15, 2004 (e-pub ahead of print).","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-03-1134"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irving JA, O\u2019Brien SG, Lennard AL, Minto L, Lin F, Hall AG. Use of denaturing HPLC for detection of mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain in patients resistant to Imatinib. Clin Chem. 2004;50:1233\u20131237.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.034801"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deininger MW, McGreevey L, Willis S, Bainbridge TM, Druker BJ, Heinrich MC. Detection of ABL kinase domain mutations with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. Leukemia. 2004;18:864\u2013871.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403307"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soverini S, Martinelli G, Amabile M, et al. Denaturing-HPLC-based assay for detection of ABL mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia patients resistant to Imatinib. Clin Chem. 2004;50:1205\u20131213.","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.031112"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R15","unstructured":"Lange T, Bumm T, Otto S, et al. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction should not replace conventional cytogenetics for monitoring patients with chronic myeloid leukemia during early phase of imatinib therapy. Haematologica. 2004;89:49\u201357."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R16","unstructured":"O\u2019Dwyer ME, Mauro MJ, Blasdel C, et al. Lack of cytogenetic response is an adverse prognostic factor for relapse of chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib mesylate (STI571). Blood. 2001;98:137a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sneed TB, Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M, et al. The significance of myelosuppression during therapy with imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. Cancer. 2004;100:116\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11863"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hochhaus A, La Rosee P. Imatinib therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia: strategies to avoid and overcome resistance. Leukemia. 2004;18:1321\u20131331.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403426"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshida C, Melo JV. Biology of chronic myeloid leukemia and possible therapeutic approaches to imatinib-resistant disease. Int J Hematol. 2004;79:420\u2013433.","DOI":"10.1532\/IJH97.04032"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantarjian HM, Talpaz M, O\u2019Brien S, et al. Dose escalation of imatinib mesylate can overcome resistance to standard-dose therapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 2003;101:473\u2013475.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1451"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huntly BJ, Guilhot F, Reid AG, et al. Imatinib improves but may not fully reverse the poor prognosis of patients with CML with derivative chromosome 9 deletions. Blood. 2003;102:2205\u20132212.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2763"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drummond M, Lennard A, Brummendorf T, Holyoake T. Telomere shortening correlates with prognostic score at diagnosis and proceeds rapidly during progression of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2004;45:1775\u20131781.","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190410001693542"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dressman MA, Malinowski R, McLean LA, et al. of major cytogenetic response with a pharmacogenetic marker in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib (STI571). Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:2265\u20132271.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-0785-3"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLean LA, Gathmann I, Capdeville R, Polymeropoulos MH, Dressman M. Pharmacogenomic analysis of cytogenetic response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:155\u2013165.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-0784-3"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaneta Y, Kagami Y, Katagiri T, et al. Prediction of sensitivity to STI571 among chronic myeloid leukemia patients by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis. Jpn J Cancer Res. 2002;93:849\u2013856.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01328.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowicki MO, Pawlowski P, Fischer T, Hess G, Pawlowski T, Skorski T. Chronic myelogenous leukemia molecular signature. Oncogene. 2003;22:3952\u20133963.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206620"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohmine K, Ota J, Ueda M, et al. Characterization of stage progression in chronic myeloid leukemia by DNA microarray with purified hematopoietic stem cells. Oncogene. 2001;20:8249\u20138257.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205029"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfl S, Burchert A, Kroll TC. Monitoring therapy with gene expression profiling reveals physiological differences in drug action. Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10:1959\u20131968.","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043384385"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mauro MJ, Druker BJ, Maziarz RT. Divergent clinical outcome in two CML patients who discontinued imatinib therapy after achieving a molecular remission. Leuk Res. 2004;28 Suppl 1:S71\u2013S73.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2003.10.017"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higashi T, Tsukada J, Kato C, et al. Imatinib mesylate-sensitive blast crisis immediately after discontinuation of imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia: report of two cases. Am J Hematol. 2004;76:275\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20096"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantarjian H, Talpaz M, O\u2019Brien S, et al. High-dose imatinib mesylate therapy in newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2004;103:2873\u20132878.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3800"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berger U, Engelich G, Reiter A, Hochhaus A, Hehlmann R. Imatinib and beyond\u2014the new CML study IV. A randomized controlled comparison of imatinib vs imatinib\/interferon-alpha vs imatinib\/low-dose AraC vs imatinib after interferon-alpha failure in newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol. 2004;83:258\u2013264.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-003-0807-x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tipping AJ, Baluch S, Barnes DJ, et al. Efficacy of dual-specific Bcr-Abl and Src-family kinase inhibitors in cells sensitive and resistant to imatinib mesylate. Leukemia. 2004;18:1352\u20131356.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403416"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah NP, Tran C, Lee FY, Chen P, Norris D, Sawyers CL. Overriding imatinib resistance with a novel ABL kinase inhibitor. Science. 2004;305:399\u2013401.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099480"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R35","unstructured":"Topaly J, Schad M, Zeller WJ, Ho AD, Fruehauf S. Strong synergism of different signal transduction inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 2001;98:617a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mow BM, Chandra J, Svingen PA, et al. Effects of the Bcr\/abl kinase inhibitors STI571 and adaphostin (NSC 680410) on chronic myelogenous leukemia cells in vitro. Blood. 2002;99:664\u2013671.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.2.664"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun X, Layton JE, Elefanty A, Lieschke GJ. Comparison of effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors AG957, AG490, and STI571 on BCR-ABL\u2013expressing cells, demonstrating synergy between AG490 and STI571. Blood. 2001;97:2008\u20132015.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.7.2008"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Hare T, Pollock R, Stoffregen EP, et al. Inhibition of wild-type and mutant Bcr-Abl by AP23464, a potent ATP-based oncogenic protein kinase inhibitor: Implications for CML. Blood. June 15, 2004 (E-pub ahead of print).","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1851"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Rosee P, Johnson K, O\u2019Dwyer ME, Druker BJ. In vitro studies of the combination of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) and arsenic trioxide (Trisenox) in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Exp Hematol. 2002;30:729\u2013737.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(02)00836-6"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porosnicu M, Nimmanapalli R, Nguyen D, Worthington E, Perkins C, Bhalla KN. Co-treatment with As2O3 enhances selective cytotoxic effects of STI-571 against Bcr-Abl-positive acute leukemia cells. Leukemia. 2001;15:772\u2013778.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402104"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R41","unstructured":"Sawafuji K, Miyakawa Y, Weisberg E, Griffin JD, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. Effects of aminopeptidase inhibitors on STI571 resistant cell lines. Blood. 2001;98:309a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R42","unstructured":"La Rose\u0301e P, Johnson K, Moseson EM, O\u2019Dwyer ME, Druker BJ. Preclinical evaluation of the efficacy of STI571 in combination with a variety of novel anticancer agents. Blood. 2001;98:839a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kano Y, Akutsu M, Tsunoda S, et al. In vitro cytotoxic effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 in combination with commonly used antileukemic agents. Blood. 2001;97:1999\u20132007.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.7.1999"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vigneri P, Wang JY. Induction of apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells through nuclear entrapment of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Nat Med. 2001;7:228\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1038\/84683"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R45","unstructured":"Yu C, Krystal G, Varticovksi L, et al. Pharmacologic mitogen-activated protein\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase\/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors interact synergistically with STI571 to induce apoptosis in Bcr\/Abl-expressing human leukemia cells. Cancer Res. 2002;62:188\u2013199."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marley SB, Lewis JL, Schneider H, Rudd CE, Gordon MY. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors reproduce the selective antiproliferative effects of imatinib on chronic myeloid leukaemia progenitor cells. Br J Haematol. 2004;125:500\u2013511.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.04933.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klejman A, Rushen L, Morrione A, Slupianek A, Skorski T. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors enhance the anti-leukemia effect of STI571. Oncogene. 2002;21:5868\u20135876.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205724"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R48","unstructured":"Gatto SR, Scappini B, Verstovsek S, et al. vitro effects of PS-341 alone and in combination with STI571 in Bcr-Abl positive cell lines both sensitive and resistant to STI571. Blood. 2001;98:101a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoover RR, Mahon FX, Melo JV, Daley GQ. Overcoming STI571 resistance with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336. Blood. 2002;100:1068\u20131071.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.3.1068"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra S, Zhang B, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. A farnesyltransferase inhibitor increases survival of mice with very advanced stage acute lymphoblastic leukemia\/lymphoma caused by P190 Bcr\/Abl. Leukemia. 2004;18:23\u201328.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403203"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R51","unstructured":"Nimmanapalli R, Porosnicu M, Nguyen D, et al. Cotreatment with STI-571 enhances tumor necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or apo-2L)-induced apoptosis of Bcr-Abl-positive human acute leukemia cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:350\u2013357."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1255\u20131265.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004273421706"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reeder TL, Bailey RJ, Dewald GW, Tefferi A. Both B and T lymphocytes may be clonally involved in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2003;101:1981\u20131983.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2341"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Schroeder G, Hanson CA, Li CY, Dewald GW. Cytogenetic findings and their clinical relevance in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2001;113:763\u2013771.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02796.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Meyer RG, Wyatt WA, Dewald GW. Comparison of peripheral blood interphase cytogenetics with bone marrow karyotype analysis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2001;115:316\u2013319.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03131.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Duhier FM, Goodeve AC, Care RS, et al. Mutational analysis of class III receptor tyrosine kinases (C-KIT, C-FMS, FLT3) in idiopathic myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol. 2003;120:464\u2013470.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04108.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R57","unstructured":"Jones LC, Tefferi A, Idos GE, Hofmann WK, Kumagai T, Koeffler HP. RAR beta 2 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2002;100:587a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R58","unstructured":"Jones LC, Tefferi A, Wachsman W, Hofmann WK, Koeffler HP. Detection of aberrant signaling pathways in CD34+ cells from patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia using oligonulceotide microarrays. Blood. 2001;98:626a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrieux J, Demory JL, Dupriez B, et al. Dysregulation and overexpression of HMGA2 in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2004;39:82\u201387.","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10297"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giraudier S, Chagraoui H, Komura E, et al. Overexpression of FKBP51 in idiopathic myelofibrosis regulates the growth factor independence of megakaryocyte progenitors. Blood. 2002;100:2932\u20132940.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-02-0485"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komura E, Chagraoui H, Mansat de Mas V, et al. Spontaneous STAT5 activation induces growth factor independence in idiopathic myelofibrosis: possible relationship with FKBP51 overexpression. Exp Hematol. 2003;31:622\u2013630.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(03)00085-7"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan XQ, Lacey D, Hill D, et al. A model of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis in mice induced by overexpressing thrombopoietin (mpl ligand): reversal of disease by bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 1996;88:402\u2013409.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V88.2.402.bloodjournal882402"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vannucchi AM, Bianchi L, Cellai C, et al. Development of myelofibrosis in mice genetically impaired for GATA-1 expression (GATA-1low mice). Blood. 2002;100:1123\u20131132.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-06-1913"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliot MA, Yoon SY, Kao P, Li CY, Tefferi A. Simultaneous measurement of serum thrombopoietin and expression of megakaryocyte c-Mpl with clinical and laboratory correlates for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Eur J Haematol. 2002;68:175\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0609.2002.01534.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martyre MC, Steunou V, LeBousse-Kerdiles MC, Wietzerbin J. Lack of alteration in GATA-1 expression in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis. Blood. 2003;101:5087\u20135088; author reply 5088\u20135089.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3366"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taksin AL, Couedic JPL, Dusanter-Fourt I, et al. Autonomous megakaryocyte growth in essential thrombocythemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis is not related to a c-mpl mutation or to an autocrine stimulation by Mpl-L. Blood. 1999;93:125\u2013139.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.1.125"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moliterno AR, Hankins WD, Spivak JL. Impaired expression of the thrombopoietin receptor by platelets from patients with polycythemia vera. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:572\u2013580.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802263380903"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chagraoui H, Komura E, Tulliez M, Giraudier S, Vainchenker W, Wendling F. Prominent role of TGF-beta 1 in thrombopoietin-induced myelofibrosis in mice. Blood. 2002;100:3495\u20133503.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1133"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chagraoui H, Tulliez M, Smayra T, et al. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin production is responsible for osteosclerosis in mice overexpressing TPO. Blood. 2003;101:2983\u20132989.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2839"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R70","unstructured":"Martyre MC. Critical review of pathogenetic mechanisms in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Curr Hematol Rep. 2003;2:257\u2013263."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt A, Jouault H, Guichard J, Wendling F, Drouin A, Cramer EM. Pathologic interaction between megakaryocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in myelofibrosis. Blood. 2000;96:1342\u20131347.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.4.1342"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelus LM, Bian H, King AG, Fukuda S. Neutrophil-derived MMP-9 mediates synergistic mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by the combination of G-CSF and the chemokines GRObeta\/CXCL2 and GRObetaT\/CXCL2delta4. Blood. 2004;103:110\u2013119.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-04-1115"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Nagorney DM, Schroeder G, Silverstein MN. Splenectomy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a single-institution experience with 223 patients. Blood. 2000;95:2226\u20132233.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.7.2226"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koch CA, Li CY, Mesa RA, Tefferi A. Nonhepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis: associated diseases, pathology, clinical course, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:1223\u20131233.","DOI":"10.4065\/78.10.1223"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Silverstein MN, Li CY. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine treatment after splenectomy in patients who have myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 1997;99:352\u2013357.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1997.3843198.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petti MC, Latagliata R, Spadea T, et al. Melphalan treatment in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2002;116:576\u2013581.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2001.03331.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R77","unstructured":"Shojania AM. Reversion of post polycythemia vera (PV) myelofibrosis (MF) to PV following busulfan therapy. Blood. 2002;100:343b."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naqvi T, Baumann MA. Myelofibrosis: response to busulfan after hydroxyurea failure. Int J Clin Pract. 2002;56:312\u2013313.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2002.tb11263.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Elliot MA, Yoon SY, et al. Clinical and bone marrow effects of interferon alfa therapy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2001;97:1896.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.6.1896"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Mesa RA, Gray LA, et al. Phase 2 trial of imatinib mesylate in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2002;99:3854\u20133856.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-12-0154"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon SY, Li CY, Mesa RA, Tefferi A. Bone marrow effects of anagrelide therapy in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 1999;106:682\u2013688.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01598.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mesa RA, Tefferi A, Elliott MA, et al. A phase II trial of pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-[1H]-pyridone), a novel anti-fibrosing agent, in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2001;114:111\u2013113.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02883.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Silverstein MN, Plumhoff EA, Reid JM, Ames MM. Suramin toxicity and efficacy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:1520\u20131522.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.18.1520"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Elliot MA. Serious myeloproliferative reactions associated with the use of thalidomide in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2000;96:4007.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.4007"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elliott MA, Mesa RA, Li CY, et al. Thalidomide treatment in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2002;117:288\u2013296.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03443.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steensma DP, Mesa RA, Li CY, Gray L, Tefferi A. Etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, palliates constitutional symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: results of a pilot study. Blood. 2002;99:2252\u20132254.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.6.2252"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mesa RA, Hanson CA, Rajkumar SV, Schroeder G, Tefferi A. Evaluation and clinical correlations of bone marrow angiogenesis in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2000;96:3374\u20133380.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.10.3374"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchetti M, Barosi G, Balestri F, et al. Low-dose thalidomide ameliorates cytopenias and splenomegaly in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:424\u2013431.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.160"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R89","unstructured":"Pozzato G, Zorat F, Nascimben F, Comar C, Kikic F, Festini G. Thalidomide therapy in compensated and decompensated myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Haematologica. 2001;86:772\u2013773."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piccaluga PP, Visani G, Pileri SA, et al. Clinical efficacy and antiangiogenic activity of thalidomide in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. A pilot study. Leukemia. 2002;16:1609\u20131614.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402596"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merup M, Kutti J, Birgergard G, et al. Negligible clinical effects of thalidomide in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Med Oncol. 2002;19:79\u201386","DOI":"10.1385\/MO:19:2:79"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R92","unstructured":"Grossi A, Gavazzi S, Biscardi M, et al. Thalidomide therapy effects on angiogenic growth factors (VEGF, TGF-beta) and KDR expression in myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Blood. 2002;100:346b."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canepa L, Ballerini F, Varaldo R, et al. Thalidomide in agnogenic and secondary myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol. 2001;115:313\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.03072.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barosi G, Grossi A, Comotti B, Musto P, Gamba G, Marchetti M. Safety and efficacy of thalidomide in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2001;114:78\u201383.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02918.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mesa RA, Steensma DP, Pardanani A, et al. A phase 2 trial of combination low-dose thalidomide and prednisone for the treatment of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2003;101:2534\u20132541.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2928"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visani G, Mele A, Malagola M, Isidori A, Finelli C, Piccaluga PP. Sequential combination of thalidomide and erythropoietin determines transfusion independence and disease control in idiopathic myelofibrosis previously insensitive to both drugs used as single agents. Leukemia. 2003;17:1669\u20131670.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403017"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R97","unstructured":"Mesa RA, Elliott MA, Faoro L, Tefferi A. Durable and unmaintained remissions with thalidomide-based drug therapy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: Long term outcome analysis of 2 prospective trials [abstract]. Blood. 2003;102:33a."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R98","unstructured":"Guardiola P, Anderson JE, Bandini G, et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: A European group for blood and marrow transplantation, Societe\u0301 Franc\u0327aise de Greffe de Moelle, Gruppo Italiano per il Trapianto del Midollo Osseo, and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center collaborative study. Blood. 1999;93:2831\u20132838."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deeg HJ, Gooley TA, Flowers ME, et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis. Blood. 2003;102:3912\u20133918.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1856"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daly A, Song K, Nevill T, et al. Stem cell transplantation for myelofibrosis: a report from two Canadian centers. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003;32:35\u201340.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704075"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devine SM, Hoffman R, Verma A, et al. Allogeneic blood cell transplantation following reduced-intensity conditioning is effective therapy for older patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Blood. 2002;99:2255\u20132258.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.6.2255"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hessling J, Kroger N, Werner M, et al. Dose-reduced conditioning regimen followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Br J Haematol. 2002;119:769\u2013772.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03884.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maziarz RT, Mesa RA, Tefferi A. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes: The question is \u201cwhen\u201d. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;2003:941\u2013943.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)63139-X"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guardiola P, Anderson JE, Gluckman E. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:659; discussion 659\u2013660.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008313430913"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervantes F, Barosi G, Demory JL, et al. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia in young individuals: disease characteristics, prognostic factors and identification of risk groups. Br J Haematol. 1998;102:684\u2013690.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00833.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R106","unstructured":"Hertenstein B, Guardiola P, Finke J, et al. Non-myeloablative (NMA) stem cell transplantation (SCT) for myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis (MMM): a survey from the chronic leukemia working party of the EBMT [abstract]. Blood. 2002;100:#253."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austen KF, Boyce JA. Mast cell lineage development and phenotypic regulation. Leuk Res. 2001;25:511\u2013518.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00030-3"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R108","unstructured":"Valent P, Kiener HP. Mast cells. In: Smolen JS, Lipsky PE (eds). Targeted Therapy in Rheumatology. Vol 1. Martin Dunitz: London & New York; 2003:83\u2013109."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feger F, Ribadeau Dumas A, Leriche L, Valent P, Arock M: Kit and c-kit mutations in mastocytosis: a short overview with special reference to novel molecular and diagnostic concepts. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002;127:110\u2013114.","DOI":"10.1159\/000048179"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fritsche-Polanz R, Jordan JH, Feix A, et al. Mutation analysis of C-KIT in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes without mastocytosis and cases of systemic mastocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2001;113:357\u2013364.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02783.x"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longley BJ, Metcalfe DD, Tharp M, et al. Activating and dominant inactivating c-kit catalytic domain mutations in distinct forms of human mastocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:1609\u20131614.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1609"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horny H-P, Valent P. Diagnosis of mastocytosis: General histopathological aspects, morphological criteria, and immunohistochemical findings. Leuk Res. 2001;25:543\u2013551.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00021-2"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrao PT, Gonda TJ, Ashman LK. Constitutively active mutant D816VKit induces megakaryocyte and mast cell differentiation of early haemopoietic cells from murine foetal liver. Leuk Res. 2003;27:547\u2013555.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(02)00272-2"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valent P, Akin C, Sperr WR, et al. Aggressive systemic mastocytosis and related mast cell disorders: current treament options and proposed response criteria. Leuk Res. 2003;27:635\u2013641.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(02)00168-6"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akin C, Fumo G, Yavuz AS, Lipsky PE, Neckers L, Metcalfe DD. A novel form of mastocytosis associated with a transmembrane c-Kit mutation and response to imatinib. Blood. 2004;103:3222\u20133225.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3816"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swolin B, Rodjer S, Roupe G. Cytogenetic studies in patients with mastocytosis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2000;120:131\u2013135.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(99)00256-3"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daley T, Metcalfe DD, Akin C. Association of the Q576R polymorphism in the interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain with indolent mastocytosis limited to the skin. Blood. 2001;98:880\u2013882.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.3.880"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yavuz AS, Lipsky PE, Yavuz S, Metcalfe DD, Akin C. Evidence for the involvement of a hematopoietic progenitor cell in systemic mastocytosis from single cell analysis of mutations in the c-kit gene. Blood. 2002;100:661\u2013665.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0203"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valent P, Horny H-P, Escribano L, et al. Diagnostic criteria and classification of mastocytosis: a consensus proposal. Conference Report of \u201cYear 2000 Working Conference on Mastocytosis.\u201d Leuk Res2001;25:603\u2013625.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00038-8"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R120","unstructured":"Valent P, Horny H-P, Li CY, et al. Mastocytosis (mast cell disease). In: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW (eds). World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumours. Pathology & Genetics. Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Vol 1. 2001:291\u2013302."},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valent P, Samorapoompichit P, Sperr WR, Horny H-P, Lechner K: Myelomastocytic leukemia: myeloid neoplasm characterized by partial differentiation of mast cell-lineage cells. Hematology J. 2002;3:90\u201394.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.thj.6200164"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sperr WR, Escribano L, Jordan JH, et al. Morphologic properties of neoplastic mast cells: delineation of stages of maturation and implication for cytological grading of mastocytosis. Leuk Res. 2001;25:529\u2013536.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00041-8"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valent P, Akin C, Sperr WR, Horny H-P, Metcalfe DD. Smouldering mastocytosis: a new type of systemic mastocytosis with slow progression. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002;127:137\u2013139.","DOI":"10.1159\/000048185"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sperr WR, Horny H-P, Lechner K, Valent P. Clinical and biologic diversity of leukemias occurring in patients with mastocytosis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;37:473\u2013486.","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190009058500"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Li CY, Butterfield JH, Hoagland HC. Treatment of systemic mast-cell disease with cladribine. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:307\u2013309.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101253440415"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluin-Nelemans HC, Oldhoff JM, Van Doormaal JJ, et al. Cladribine therapy for systemic mastocytosis. Blood. 2003;102:4270\u20134276.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1699"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pardanani A, Ketterling RP, Brockman SR, et al. CHIC2 deletion, a surrogate for FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion, occurs in systemic mastocytosis associated with eosinophilia and predicts response to imatinib mesylate therapy. Blood. 2003;102:3093\u20133096.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1627"},{"key":"2020021215284136000_R128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akin C, Brockow K, D\u2019Ambrosio C, et al. Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 on human mast cells bearing wild-type or mutated forms of c-kit. Exp Hematol. 2003;31:686\u2013692.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(03)00112-7"}],"container-title":["Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/hematology\/article-pdf\/2004\/1\/146\/1634556\/146_162ash.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/hematology\/article-pdf\/2004\/1\/146\/1634556\/146_162ash.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T10:31:42Z","timestamp":1682850702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/hematology\/article\/2004\/1\/146\/18700\/Chronic-Myelogenous-Leukemia-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/asheducation-2004.1.146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4391","1520-4383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4391","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-4383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]]}}}