{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:15:13Z","timestamp":1763036113750},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The management of multiple myeloma is rapidly changing. Cytogenetic, molecular and proteomic techniques have led to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous malignancy. Novel agents designed to interrupt myeloma growth and survival pathways have entered into clinical usage with unprecedented speed, while new prognostic systems based on clinical and biologic features, such as cytogenetic abnormalities, have been developed. A plethora of clinical trials have been initiated utilizing novel agents, alone or in conjunction with established modalities such as conventional cytotoxic agents and stem cell transplantation. These newer treatments have increased the antitumor response rates in this disease and have provided options for patients whose disease has become resistant to conventional therapy. A major challenge is to define the optimal use of these new agents and combinations in order to significantly impact the natural history of myeloma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2005.1.353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T01:29:34Z","timestamp":1132709374000},"page":"353-359","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Update of the Management of Multiple Myeloma: The Changing Landscape"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2005","author":[{"given":"Donna E.","family":"Reece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2019111702043744500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol. 2003;121:749\u2013757.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04355.x"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R2","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1060\u20131077."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greipp PR, San Miguel J, Durie BG, et al. International staging system for multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol. 2005;20:3412\u20133420.","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.242"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajkumar SV, Blood E, Vesole DH, et al. Thalidomide plus dexamethasone versus dexamethasone alone in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (E1A00): Results of a phase III trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [abstract]. 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A multicenter, randomized, phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 CDC-5013 dose regimens when used alone or in combination with dexamethasone (Dex) for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM) [abstract]. Blood. 2003;102:235a."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajkumar SV, Hayman SR, Lacy MQ, et al. Combination therapy with CC-5013 (Lenalidomide, Revlimid TM) plus dexamethasone (Rev\/Dex) for newly diagnosed myeloma (MM) [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:98a.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.331.331"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo A, Bertola A, Musto P, et al. A prospective randomized trial of oral melphalan, prednisone, thalidomide (MPT) vs oral melphalan, prednisone (MP): an interim analysis [abstract]. 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A phase I\/II national, multi-center, open-label study of velcade plus melphalan and prednisone (V-MP) in elderly untreated multiple myeloma patients [abstract]. Haematologica. 2005; 90(s1):149a."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R14","unstructured":"Barlogie B, Kyle R, Anderson K, et al. Comparable survival in multiple myeloma (MM) and high-dose therapy (HDT) employing MEL 140 mg\/m2 + TBI 12 Gy autotransplants versus standard dose therapy with VBMCP and no benefit from interferon (IFN) maintenance: results of Intergroup Trial S9321 [abstract]. Blood. 2003;102:42a."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang H, Qi XY, Samiee S, Chen C, Trudel S, Mikhael J, Reece D, Stewart AK. Genetic risk identifies multiple myeloma patients who do not benefit from autologous stem cell transplantation. 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The Hematol J. 2003;4(suppl):S60."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R19","unstructured":"Goldschmidt H. Single vs double high-dose therapy in multiple myeloma: second analysis of the GMMG-HD2 trial [abstract]. Haematologica. 2005;90(s1):38."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonneveld P, van der Holt B, Segeren C, et al. Intensive versus double intensive therapy in untreated multiple myeloma: updated analysis of the randomized phase III study HOVON 24 MM [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:271a","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.948.948"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mikhael JR, Samiee S, Stewart AK, et al. Outcome after second autologous stem cell transplantation as salvage therapy in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:270a.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.943.943"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R22","unstructured":"Reece DE, Vesole D, Flomenberg N, et al. Intensive therapy with high-dose melphalan (MEL) 280 mg\/m2 plus amifostine cytoprotection and ASCT as part of initial therapy in patients with multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood. 2002;100:432a."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollmig K, Stover J, Talamo G, et al. Addition of bortezomib (Velcade\u2122) to high dose melphalan (Vel-Mel) as an effective conditioning regimen with autologous stem cell support in multiple myeloma (MM) [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:266a.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.929.929"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R24","unstructured":"Moreau P, Garban F, Facon T, et al. Preliminary results of IFM9903 and IFM9904 comparing autologous followed by miniallotransplantation and double autologous transplantation in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma [abstract]. Blood. 2003;102:43a."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R25","unstructured":"Moreau P, Hulin C, Garban F, et al. Final results of the IFM9904 protocol: double transplant +\/\u2212 anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody in high-risk de novo multiple myeloma patients less than 65 years old [abstract]. Haematologica. 2005;90(s1):55a."},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart AK, Chen C, Howson-Jan K, et al. Results of a multi-center phase II trial of thalidomide and prednisone maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma following autologous stem cell transplant [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:99a.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.335.335"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attal M, Harousseau J-L, Leyvraz S, et al. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide after autologous transplantation for myeloma: first analysis of a prospective randomized study of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome (IFM 99 02) [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:155a.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.535.535"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlogie B, Tricot G, Shaughnessy J, et al. Results of total therapy 2 (TT 2), a phase III randomized trial, to determine the role of thalidomide (THAL) in the upfront management of multiple myeloma (MM) [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Oncol. 2005;24:560s.","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.lba6502"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlogie B, Hollmig K, Zangari, et al. Total Therapy 3 (TT3) for newly diagnosed myeloma, incorporating Velcade into remission induction with efficacy DT PACE: early results regarding efficacy, PBSC mobilization and toxicities [abstract]. Blood. 2004;104:156a","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V104.11.538.538"},{"key":"2019111702043744500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jagannath S, Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, et al. 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