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Although ET was recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome more than 6 decades ago and was classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) by William Dameshek in 1951, the molecular pathogenesis of ET remained unknown until 2005, when activating mutations in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase (JAK2V617F) were identified in a significant proportion of patients with ET, polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). In addition, subsequent studies have identified gain-of-function mutations in the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) in a subset of patients with JAK2V617F-negative ET, suggesting that JAK2 activation by distinct mechanisms contributes to the pathogenesis of ET. Despite these important observations, important questions remain regarding the role of JAK2\/MPL mutations in ET pathogenesis, the etiology of JAK2\/MPL negative ET, the factors that distinguish ET from other MPNs with the JAK2V617F mutation, and the role of JAK2-targeted therapies for the treatment of these MPNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2008.1.76","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,11]],"date-time":"2008-12-11T15:12:58Z","timestamp":1229008378000},"page":"76-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["New Advances in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Essential Thrombocythemia"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2008","author":[{"given":"Ross L.","family":"Levine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Heaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2019111708142416300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tefferi A, Thiele J, Orazi A, et al. Proposals and rationale for revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis: recommendations from an ad hoc international expert panel. Blood. 2007;110:1092\u20131097.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-083501"},{"key":"2019111708142416300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein E, Goedel A. Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia with a vascular, sclerotic spleen. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1934;293:233\u2013248.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01891529"},{"key":"2019111708142416300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dameshek W. Some speculations on the myeloproliferative syndromes. Blood. 1951;6:372\u2013375.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V6.4.372.372"},{"key":"2019111708142416300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"James C, Ugo V, Le Couedic JP, et al. A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythaemia vera. 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