{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:12:20Z","timestamp":1791036740545,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The last decade has witnessed an abundance of information detailing the genetic diversity of the RH locus which has exceeded all estimates predicted by serology. Well over 120 RHD and over 60 different RHCE alleles have been documented, and new alleles are still being discovered. For clinical transfusion medicine, RH genetic testing can now be used to determine RHD zygosity, resolve D antigen status, and detect altered RHD and RHCE genes in individuals at risk for producing antibodies to high-incidence Rh antigens, particularly patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2009.1.178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,11]],"date-time":"2009-12-11T15:35:31Z","timestamp":1260545731000},"page":"178-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Molecular biology of the Rh system: clinical considerations for transfusion in sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Stella T.","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie M.","family":"Westhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2019111703415608300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ness PM. To match or not to match: the question for chronically transfused patients with sickle cell anemia. Transfusion. 1994;34:558\u2013560.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1994.34794330007.x"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wayne AS, Kevy SV, Nathan DG. Transfusion management of sickle cell disease. Blood. 1993;81:1109\u20131123.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.5.1109.1109"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westhoff CM. The structure and function of the Rh antigen complex. Semin Hematol. 2007;44:42\u201350.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2006.09.010"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avent ND, Reid ME. The Rh blood group system: a review. Blood. 2000;95:375\u2013387.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.2.375"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniels GL, Faas BH, Green CA, et al. The VS and V blood group polymorphisms in Africans: a serologic and molecular analysis. Transfusion. 1998;38:951\u2013958.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.381098440860.x"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemker MB, Ligthart PC, Berger L, van Rhenen DJ, van der Schoot CE, Wijk PA. DAR, a new RhD variant involving exons 4, 5, and 7, often in linkage with ceAR, a new Rhce variant frequently found in African blacks. Blood. 1999;94:4337\u20134342.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.12.4337"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner FF, Flegel WA. RHD gene deletion occurred in the Rhesus box. Blood. 2000;95:3662\u20133668.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.12.3662"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singleton BK, Green CA, Avent ND, et al. The presence of an RHD pseudogene containing a 37 base pair duplication and a nonsense mutation in africans with the Rh D-negative blood group phenotype. Blood. 2000;95:12\u201318.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.1.12"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner FF, Gassner C, Muller TH, Schonitzer D, Schunter F, Flegel WA. Molecular basis of weak D phenotypes. Blood. 1999;93:385\u2013393.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.1.385"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scharberg EA, Green C, Daniels G, Richter E, Kluter H, Bugert P. Molecular basis of the JAHK (RH35) antigen. Transfusion. 2005;45:1314\u20131318.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.00200.x"},{"key":"2019111703415608300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Westhoff CM, Vege S, Wylie D, et al. The JAL antigen (RH48) is the result of a change in RHCE that encodes Arg114Trp. 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