{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:45:40Z","timestamp":1789933540999,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the goals of therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are steadily shifting. Long-term disease control on TKI therapy has been the goal and expectation for most patients. More recently, treatment-free remission (TFR) has entered mainstream practice and is increasingly being adopted as the main goal of therapy. This therapeutic shift not only influences TKI selection but also, has necessitated the refinement and dissemination of highly sensitive and accurate molecular monitoring techniques. Measurement of BCR-ABL1 messenger RNA expression through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, reported according to the International Scale, has become the primary tool for response assessment in CML. Achieving specific time-dependent molecular milestones, as defined by global therapeutic guidelines, has been established as critical in maximizing optimal outcomes while identifying patients at risk of therapy failure. Depth and duration of a deep molecular response have become the new therapeutic targets in patients considered for TFR. Consequently, molecular monitoring in CML has become even more critical to ongoing response assessment, identifying patients with TKI resistance and poor drug adherence, and enabling TFR to be attempted safely and effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2018.1.168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T18:13:59Z","timestamp":1555438439000},"page":"168-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Molecular monitoring in CML: how deep? How often? How should it influence therapy?"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Naranie","family":"Shanmuganathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and"},{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2019111522505580000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402730","article-title":"Comparison of competitive-nested PCR and real-time PCR in detecting BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019111522505580000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2007.08.017","article-title":"A multiplex PCR for improved detection of typical and atypical BCR-ABL fusion transcripts","volume":"32","author":"Burmeister","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019111522505580000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24120","article-title":"Age and dPCR can predict relapse in CML patients who discontinued imatinib: the ISAV study","volume":"90","author":"Mori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019111522505580000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.29","article-title":"Laboratory recommendations for scoring deep molecular responses following treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"29","author":"Cross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019111522505580000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404139","article-title":"Limited clinical value of regular bone marrow cytogenetic analysis in imatinib-treated chronic phase CML patients monitored by RQ-PCR for BCR-ABL","volume":"20","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2019111522505580000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199909058476","article-title":"Comparative testing of peripheral blood and bone marrow for BCR-ABL transcripts in patients post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and during interferon treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia","volume":"34","author":"Kiss","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019111522505580000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-01-0092","article-title":"Monitoring CML patients responding to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: review and recommendations for harmonizing current methodology for detecting BCR-ABL transcripts and kinase domain mutations and for expressing results","volume":"108","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019111522505580000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404388","article-title":"Rationale for the recommendations for harmonizing current methodology for detecting BCR-ABL transcripts in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"20","author":"Branford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019111522505580000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-501569","article-title":"European LeukemiaNet recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid leukemia: 2013","volume":"122","author":"Baccarani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2019111522505580000_B10","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 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