{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T07:43:01Z","timestamp":1769758981793,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genetic alterations of the PD-L1\/PD-L2 locus on chromosome 9p24.1 are a defining biological feature of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The resulting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells as well as the PD-L1 expressed in the HL microenvironment result in an ineffective host antitumor immune response and make HL a ripe target for programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade. Anti\u2013PD-1 antibody monotherapy has been effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory (rel\/ref) HL, with the majority of patients experiencing an objective response (approximately two-thirds of patients) and a median duration of response of 16.6 months in the study with the longest follow-up. Based on these data, nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced rel\/ref HL. Evidence has emerged that patients with HL benefit from continued PD-1 blockade beyond disease progression according to traditionally defined response criteria, and that the addition of, or switch to, chemotherapy after anti\u2013PD-1 antibody failure can potentially re-induce clinical response. Subsequent studies have evaluated novel anti\u2013PD-1\u2013based combination regimens as well as the use of anti\u2013PD-1 antibody therapy earlier in the course of a HL patient\u2019s therapy, including first salvage therapy for rel\/ref disease (eg, nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin) and even first-line treatment (eg, nivolumab added to doxorubicin, vinblastine, dacarbazine chemotherapy). The current role of PD-1 blockade in HL is as monotherapy in patients with advanced rel\/ref disease, but the results of ongoing studies and the evolving treatment landscape in HL will determine the role of PD-1 blockade in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2018.1.213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T22:13:59Z","timestamp":1555452839000},"page":"213-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Where does PD-1 blockade fit in HL therapy?"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Alex F.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, 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