{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:26:59Z","timestamp":1791120419871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural killer (NK) cell differentiation from pluripotent CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells or oligopotent lymphoid progenitors has already been reported. In the present study, long-term cultures of the CD56\u2212\/CD34\u2212myeloid-like adherent cell fraction (ACF) from umbilical cord blood (UCB), characterized by the expression of CD14+ as well as other myeloid markers, were set up with flt3 ligand (FL) and interleukin-15 (IL-15). The UCB\/ACF gradually expressed the CD56 marker, which reached fairly high levels (approximately 90% of the cells were CD56+) by day 15. FL plus IL-15\u2013driven ACF\/CD56+ cells progressively expressed a mature NK functional program lysing both NK- and lymphokine-activate killer (LAK)\u2013sensitive tumor targets and producing high levels of interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, and IL-10 upon stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18. Similar results were obtained when highly purified CD14+ cells from UCB were cultured with FL and IL-15. In contrast, UCB\/CD34+ cells cultured under the same conditions showed a delayed expression of CD56 and behaved functionally differently in that they exhibited NK but not LAK cytotoxicity and produced significantly fewer cytokines. Kinetic studies on the phenotype of UCB\/ACF or UCB\/CD14+ cells cultured in the presence of FL and IL-15 showed a rapid decrease in CD14 expression after day 5, which reached levels of zero by day 20. Approximately 60% of the CD56+ derived from the UCB\/ACF or the UCB\/CD14+ cells coexpressed CD14 by day 5. Taken together, our data support the role of CD14+ myeloid-like cells within UCB as a novel progenitor for lymphoid NK cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,21]],"date-time":"2003-04-21T17:30:06Z","timestamp":1050946206000},"page":"3444-3450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["A novel myeloid-like NK cell progenitor in human umbilical cord blood"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Sonia A.","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota A.","family":"Sotiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra G.","family":"Gkika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa G.","family":"Mahaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios K.","family":"Niarchos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelos D.","family":"Gritzapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiannis G.","family":"Kavalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens; and the First Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinic, Alexandras Maternity Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aris I.","family":"Antsaklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy Center, 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